a Man kills my son and marry one of the witnesses












3















In Florida a man (career felon), who is a complete stranger to my son, killed my son. He is being prosecuted for this crime in a state court in Florida. There are two witnesses. One of them is the the girlfriend of the criminal defendant, who saw what happened but did not participate in the crime. While he’s in jail awaiting arraignment and court, the criminal defendant and his girlfriend who is a witness get married for sole purpose of avoiding her being required to testify.



Is this valid? And will it work on the defensive side. And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and valid in court for prosecution for conviction?



(UPDATED at 7:06 to include details provided in an Answer form by the person asking the question.)










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  • 2





    by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

    – David Siegel
    1 hour ago











  • @DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

    – ohwilleke
    1 hour ago


















3















In Florida a man (career felon), who is a complete stranger to my son, killed my son. He is being prosecuted for this crime in a state court in Florida. There are two witnesses. One of them is the the girlfriend of the criminal defendant, who saw what happened but did not participate in the crime. While he’s in jail awaiting arraignment and court, the criminal defendant and his girlfriend who is a witness get married for sole purpose of avoiding her being required to testify.



Is this valid? And will it work on the defensive side. And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and valid in court for prosecution for conviction?



(UPDATED at 7:06 to include details provided in an Answer form by the person asking the question.)










share|improve this question









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  • 2





    by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

    – David Siegel
    1 hour ago











  • @DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

    – ohwilleke
    1 hour ago
















3












3








3








In Florida a man (career felon), who is a complete stranger to my son, killed my son. He is being prosecuted for this crime in a state court in Florida. There are two witnesses. One of them is the the girlfriend of the criminal defendant, who saw what happened but did not participate in the crime. While he’s in jail awaiting arraignment and court, the criminal defendant and his girlfriend who is a witness get married for sole purpose of avoiding her being required to testify.



Is this valid? And will it work on the defensive side. And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and valid in court for prosecution for conviction?



(UPDATED at 7:06 to include details provided in an Answer form by the person asking the question.)










share|improve this question









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Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.












In Florida a man (career felon), who is a complete stranger to my son, killed my son. He is being prosecuted for this crime in a state court in Florida. There are two witnesses. One of them is the the girlfriend of the criminal defendant, who saw what happened but did not participate in the crime. While he’s in jail awaiting arraignment and court, the criminal defendant and his girlfriend who is a witness get married for sole purpose of avoiding her being required to testify.



Is this valid? And will it work on the defensive side. And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and valid in court for prosecution for conviction?



(UPDATED at 7:06 to include details provided in an Answer form by the person asking the question.)







criminal-law evidence marriage florida federal-courts






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edited 5 mins ago









ohwilleke

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asked 2 hours ago









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  • 2





    by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

    – David Siegel
    1 hour ago











  • @DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

    – ohwilleke
    1 hour ago
















  • 2





    by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

    – David Siegel
    1 hour ago











  • @DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

    – ohwilleke
    1 hour ago










2




2





by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

– David Siegel
1 hour ago





by "the accused girlfriend." did you mean that she was also accused of having some part in the crime, or did you mean "the accused's girlfriend." that is, that she was just the girlfriend of the accused felon? Also, if the two had an existing romantic relationship, it is debatable to assume that the marriage was solely to avoid testifying.

– David Siegel
1 hour ago













@DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

– ohwilleke
1 hour ago







@DavidSiegel Good point. If the girlfriend is accused of a crime, she would forfeit the federal privilege. If she is not accused of a crime and married the criminal defendant, she could use the spousal testimonial privilege in a federal criminal prosecution.

– ohwilleke
1 hour ago












4 Answers
4






active

oldest

votes


















2














Short Answer




In Florida A man (career felon) killed my son and their are 2
witnesses. one of them is the accused girlfriend. While he’s in jail
awaiting arraignment and court, they get married for sole purpose for
avoiding her to not have to testify. Is this valid.? And will it work
on the defensive side.




SIMPLIFIED AND UPDATED BASED ON ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN THE QUESTION:



Their marriage will not allow the girlfriend to refuse to testify as a witness in the case.



She can be compelled to testify against him under oath, but does not have to testify about the confidential communications that they have with each other after the get married (e.g. if he confesses to her while there are having a private conversation after they are married, while he is outside the jail, while he is meeting with his lawyer).




And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and
valid in court for prosecution for conviction.?




All of her recorded statements made at any time, and everything that happens before they are married are available to be used as evidence at trial (assuming no other rule of evidence excludes it).



Only confidential statements made between the wife and the criminal defendant while they are married can be excluded based upon spousal status.



END UPDATE



Long Answer



This question is about the marital privilege, which is created by statute or case law. There are actually two separate marital privileges that are analyzed separately.



Also, I'm simplifying this answer to limit it to the criminal case with a jury trial situation. The rules are more complicated when it is not a criminal case, and in a bench trial as opposed to a jury trial, all references to the jury would instead be to the judge. But, almost everyone facing murder charges chooses a trial by jury instead of a bench trial, as is their right.



The Husband-Wife Confidential Communications Privilege



The stronger marital privilege applies to confidential communications made to a defendant's spouse during the marriage which the defendant can insist not be presented to the jury. It doesn't matter if the spouse is still married to the defendant at the time of trial. The main exception to this privilege is for crimes committed against the spouse who is testifying, or to a crime committed against a child of either spouse.



This privilege does not apply to anything that the defendant says to the girlfriend prior to getting married and does not apply to statements made by the defendant to the spouse when other people were present, and is similar to the attorney-client privilege or the parishioner-clergy privilege. In Florida this privilege, created by statute, reads as follows:




Florida Evidence Code Section 90.504 Husband-wife privilege.—



(1) A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship
to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing,
communications which were intended to be made in confidence between
the spouses while they were husband and wife.



(2) The privilege may be claimed by either spouse or by the guardian
or conservator of a spouse. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or
conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the
absence of contrary evidence.



(3) There is no privilege under this section:



(a) In a proceeding brought by or on behalf of one spouse against the
other spouse.



(b) In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a
crime committed at any time against the person or property of the
other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either.



(c) In a criminal proceeding in which the communication is offered in
evidence by a defendant-spouse who is one of the spouses between whom
the communication was made.




In many states (and in federal court), this Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications has an exception for cases where the husband and wife jointly carry out a crime or fraud. But, Florida does not have this exception to the Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications in state court criminal cases.



In federal criminal cases, the case law under Federal Rule of Evidence 501 creates a substantially similar privilege for the purposes of this question. Federal Rule of Evidence 501 is as follows:




The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light
of reason and experience — governs a claim of privilege unless any of
the following provides otherwise:



the United States Constitution;



a federal statute; or



rules prescribed by the Supreme Court.



But in a civil case, state law governs privilege regarding a claim or
defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.




Since this is a criminal case, the last sentence of Federal Rule of Evidence 501 does not apply. There are also not any rules regarding this topic that have actually been prescribed by the U.S. Supreme Court. And, neither the U.S. Constitution nor any federal statute creates a husband-wife or spousal testimonial privilege.



So, this issue is governed in federal court by "The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience." The relevant common law rules apply nationwide, although different federal court of appeals circuits may apply them slightly differently when the U.S. Supreme Court hasn't supplied a clear rule.



The Spousal Testimonial Privilege



The weaker marital privilege (sometimes called the spousal testimonial privilege) in many states, which is similar to the 5th Amendment right of a criminal defendant not to testify at trial, is a criminal defendant's right to prevent his current wife (but not a former spouse) from testifying against him at trial on any matter whatsoever, regardless of whether it relates to something that happened during the marriage or not. This marital privilege often has many exceptions for serious crimes and domestic violence in jurisdictions where it applies.



In the federal courts, however (pursuant to case law developed under Federal Rule of Evidence 501), this weaker privilege belongs to the spouse called as a witness rather than to the criminal defendant. The spouse of a criminal defendant isn't required to testify against a current spouse in federal criminal prosecutions, but the spouse and not the criminal defendant gets to decide if the spouse will refuse to testify.



There may be exceptions to the federal spousal testimonial privilege in cases where one spouse is accuses of a crime against the spouse or a child of one of the spouses, where they are joint participants in a crime, or where the competency of the criminal defendant is at issue (see Wikipedia). The only exceptions which might plausibly apply in a federal criminal trial are if the criminal defendant is the father of your son, or if the criminal defendant and his girlfriend whom he marries were joint participants in the crime, neither of which seems likely to be the case here.



In Florida, the weaker marital privilege also known as the spousal testimonial privilege cannot be asserted in state court criminal prosecutions but may be asserted in federal court criminal prosecutions. (See, e.g., here).






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    0














    According to https://www.baezlawfirm.com/can-your-spouse-be-forced-to-testify-against-you/ Section 90.504 of Florida’s Evidence Code includes the privilege to exclude "marital communications" from the testimony of a spouse, but does not include the "testimonial privilege" which Federal common law and the laws of many US states do include, that permits one spouse not to testify against the other.



    See The Wikipedia article 'Spousal Privilage" for more details on these two privilages and their origin, and how they differ in various US jurisdictions (and in other sections, elsewhere in the world).



    So the situation, as described in the question, would not arise -- such testimony would not be blocked by the marriage.






    share|improve this answer



















    • 1





      We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

      – ohwilleke
      2 hours ago











    • @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

      – David Siegel
      2 hours ago



















    0














    At the federal level, this is covered by FRE 501, the privilege rule, specifically the spousal testimonial privilege which permits a witness to refuse to testify against his or her spouse. This privilege is not limited to events that a person witnesses while married to a defendant; it is limited to testimony that would be given while the witness is married to the defendant. This could be the source of the belief that marrying a witness would work.



    The Florida-specific version of this rule is here. Under §90.501, the only privilege to refuse to testify is one specified by statute or the Constitution of Florida of the US -- that is, common law privileges are not recognized in Florida. The Florida privilege only pertains to communication during the marriage ("he told me he murdered your son"), and not testimony in general ("I saw him murder your son").






    share|improve this answer































      0














      It is in state court .
      A perfect stranger killed my son in his own home .
      The girlfriend of the accused was only a witness.
      Not a participant...






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      • I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

        – ohwilleke
        4 secs ago











      Your Answer








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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

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      4 Answers
      4






      active

      oldest

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      active

      oldest

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      active

      oldest

      votes









      2














      Short Answer




      In Florida A man (career felon) killed my son and their are 2
      witnesses. one of them is the accused girlfriend. While he’s in jail
      awaiting arraignment and court, they get married for sole purpose for
      avoiding her to not have to testify. Is this valid.? And will it work
      on the defensive side.




      SIMPLIFIED AND UPDATED BASED ON ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN THE QUESTION:



      Their marriage will not allow the girlfriend to refuse to testify as a witness in the case.



      She can be compelled to testify against him under oath, but does not have to testify about the confidential communications that they have with each other after the get married (e.g. if he confesses to her while there are having a private conversation after they are married, while he is outside the jail, while he is meeting with his lawyer).




      And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and
      valid in court for prosecution for conviction.?




      All of her recorded statements made at any time, and everything that happens before they are married are available to be used as evidence at trial (assuming no other rule of evidence excludes it).



      Only confidential statements made between the wife and the criminal defendant while they are married can be excluded based upon spousal status.



      END UPDATE



      Long Answer



      This question is about the marital privilege, which is created by statute or case law. There are actually two separate marital privileges that are analyzed separately.



      Also, I'm simplifying this answer to limit it to the criminal case with a jury trial situation. The rules are more complicated when it is not a criminal case, and in a bench trial as opposed to a jury trial, all references to the jury would instead be to the judge. But, almost everyone facing murder charges chooses a trial by jury instead of a bench trial, as is their right.



      The Husband-Wife Confidential Communications Privilege



      The stronger marital privilege applies to confidential communications made to a defendant's spouse during the marriage which the defendant can insist not be presented to the jury. It doesn't matter if the spouse is still married to the defendant at the time of trial. The main exception to this privilege is for crimes committed against the spouse who is testifying, or to a crime committed against a child of either spouse.



      This privilege does not apply to anything that the defendant says to the girlfriend prior to getting married and does not apply to statements made by the defendant to the spouse when other people were present, and is similar to the attorney-client privilege or the parishioner-clergy privilege. In Florida this privilege, created by statute, reads as follows:




      Florida Evidence Code Section 90.504 Husband-wife privilege.—



      (1) A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship
      to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing,
      communications which were intended to be made in confidence between
      the spouses while they were husband and wife.



      (2) The privilege may be claimed by either spouse or by the guardian
      or conservator of a spouse. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or
      conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the
      absence of contrary evidence.



      (3) There is no privilege under this section:



      (a) In a proceeding brought by or on behalf of one spouse against the
      other spouse.



      (b) In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a
      crime committed at any time against the person or property of the
      other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either.



      (c) In a criminal proceeding in which the communication is offered in
      evidence by a defendant-spouse who is one of the spouses between whom
      the communication was made.




      In many states (and in federal court), this Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications has an exception for cases where the husband and wife jointly carry out a crime or fraud. But, Florida does not have this exception to the Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications in state court criminal cases.



      In federal criminal cases, the case law under Federal Rule of Evidence 501 creates a substantially similar privilege for the purposes of this question. Federal Rule of Evidence 501 is as follows:




      The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light
      of reason and experience — governs a claim of privilege unless any of
      the following provides otherwise:



      the United States Constitution;



      a federal statute; or



      rules prescribed by the Supreme Court.



      But in a civil case, state law governs privilege regarding a claim or
      defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.




      Since this is a criminal case, the last sentence of Federal Rule of Evidence 501 does not apply. There are also not any rules regarding this topic that have actually been prescribed by the U.S. Supreme Court. And, neither the U.S. Constitution nor any federal statute creates a husband-wife or spousal testimonial privilege.



      So, this issue is governed in federal court by "The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience." The relevant common law rules apply nationwide, although different federal court of appeals circuits may apply them slightly differently when the U.S. Supreme Court hasn't supplied a clear rule.



      The Spousal Testimonial Privilege



      The weaker marital privilege (sometimes called the spousal testimonial privilege) in many states, which is similar to the 5th Amendment right of a criminal defendant not to testify at trial, is a criminal defendant's right to prevent his current wife (but not a former spouse) from testifying against him at trial on any matter whatsoever, regardless of whether it relates to something that happened during the marriage or not. This marital privilege often has many exceptions for serious crimes and domestic violence in jurisdictions where it applies.



      In the federal courts, however (pursuant to case law developed under Federal Rule of Evidence 501), this weaker privilege belongs to the spouse called as a witness rather than to the criminal defendant. The spouse of a criminal defendant isn't required to testify against a current spouse in federal criminal prosecutions, but the spouse and not the criminal defendant gets to decide if the spouse will refuse to testify.



      There may be exceptions to the federal spousal testimonial privilege in cases where one spouse is accuses of a crime against the spouse or a child of one of the spouses, where they are joint participants in a crime, or where the competency of the criminal defendant is at issue (see Wikipedia). The only exceptions which might plausibly apply in a federal criminal trial are if the criminal defendant is the father of your son, or if the criminal defendant and his girlfriend whom he marries were joint participants in the crime, neither of which seems likely to be the case here.



      In Florida, the weaker marital privilege also known as the spousal testimonial privilege cannot be asserted in state court criminal prosecutions but may be asserted in federal court criminal prosecutions. (See, e.g., here).






      share|improve this answer






























        2














        Short Answer




        In Florida A man (career felon) killed my son and their are 2
        witnesses. one of them is the accused girlfriend. While he’s in jail
        awaiting arraignment and court, they get married for sole purpose for
        avoiding her to not have to testify. Is this valid.? And will it work
        on the defensive side.




        SIMPLIFIED AND UPDATED BASED ON ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN THE QUESTION:



        Their marriage will not allow the girlfriend to refuse to testify as a witness in the case.



        She can be compelled to testify against him under oath, but does not have to testify about the confidential communications that they have with each other after the get married (e.g. if he confesses to her while there are having a private conversation after they are married, while he is outside the jail, while he is meeting with his lawyer).




        And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and
        valid in court for prosecution for conviction.?




        All of her recorded statements made at any time, and everything that happens before they are married are available to be used as evidence at trial (assuming no other rule of evidence excludes it).



        Only confidential statements made between the wife and the criminal defendant while they are married can be excluded based upon spousal status.



        END UPDATE



        Long Answer



        This question is about the marital privilege, which is created by statute or case law. There are actually two separate marital privileges that are analyzed separately.



        Also, I'm simplifying this answer to limit it to the criminal case with a jury trial situation. The rules are more complicated when it is not a criminal case, and in a bench trial as opposed to a jury trial, all references to the jury would instead be to the judge. But, almost everyone facing murder charges chooses a trial by jury instead of a bench trial, as is their right.



        The Husband-Wife Confidential Communications Privilege



        The stronger marital privilege applies to confidential communications made to a defendant's spouse during the marriage which the defendant can insist not be presented to the jury. It doesn't matter if the spouse is still married to the defendant at the time of trial. The main exception to this privilege is for crimes committed against the spouse who is testifying, or to a crime committed against a child of either spouse.



        This privilege does not apply to anything that the defendant says to the girlfriend prior to getting married and does not apply to statements made by the defendant to the spouse when other people were present, and is similar to the attorney-client privilege or the parishioner-clergy privilege. In Florida this privilege, created by statute, reads as follows:




        Florida Evidence Code Section 90.504 Husband-wife privilege.—



        (1) A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship
        to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing,
        communications which were intended to be made in confidence between
        the spouses while they were husband and wife.



        (2) The privilege may be claimed by either spouse or by the guardian
        or conservator of a spouse. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or
        conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the
        absence of contrary evidence.



        (3) There is no privilege under this section:



        (a) In a proceeding brought by or on behalf of one spouse against the
        other spouse.



        (b) In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a
        crime committed at any time against the person or property of the
        other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either.



        (c) In a criminal proceeding in which the communication is offered in
        evidence by a defendant-spouse who is one of the spouses between whom
        the communication was made.




        In many states (and in federal court), this Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications has an exception for cases where the husband and wife jointly carry out a crime or fraud. But, Florida does not have this exception to the Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications in state court criminal cases.



        In federal criminal cases, the case law under Federal Rule of Evidence 501 creates a substantially similar privilege for the purposes of this question. Federal Rule of Evidence 501 is as follows:




        The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light
        of reason and experience — governs a claim of privilege unless any of
        the following provides otherwise:



        the United States Constitution;



        a federal statute; or



        rules prescribed by the Supreme Court.



        But in a civil case, state law governs privilege regarding a claim or
        defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.




        Since this is a criminal case, the last sentence of Federal Rule of Evidence 501 does not apply. There are also not any rules regarding this topic that have actually been prescribed by the U.S. Supreme Court. And, neither the U.S. Constitution nor any federal statute creates a husband-wife or spousal testimonial privilege.



        So, this issue is governed in federal court by "The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience." The relevant common law rules apply nationwide, although different federal court of appeals circuits may apply them slightly differently when the U.S. Supreme Court hasn't supplied a clear rule.



        The Spousal Testimonial Privilege



        The weaker marital privilege (sometimes called the spousal testimonial privilege) in many states, which is similar to the 5th Amendment right of a criminal defendant not to testify at trial, is a criminal defendant's right to prevent his current wife (but not a former spouse) from testifying against him at trial on any matter whatsoever, regardless of whether it relates to something that happened during the marriage or not. This marital privilege often has many exceptions for serious crimes and domestic violence in jurisdictions where it applies.



        In the federal courts, however (pursuant to case law developed under Federal Rule of Evidence 501), this weaker privilege belongs to the spouse called as a witness rather than to the criminal defendant. The spouse of a criminal defendant isn't required to testify against a current spouse in federal criminal prosecutions, but the spouse and not the criminal defendant gets to decide if the spouse will refuse to testify.



        There may be exceptions to the federal spousal testimonial privilege in cases where one spouse is accuses of a crime against the spouse or a child of one of the spouses, where they are joint participants in a crime, or where the competency of the criminal defendant is at issue (see Wikipedia). The only exceptions which might plausibly apply in a federal criminal trial are if the criminal defendant is the father of your son, or if the criminal defendant and his girlfriend whom he marries were joint participants in the crime, neither of which seems likely to be the case here.



        In Florida, the weaker marital privilege also known as the spousal testimonial privilege cannot be asserted in state court criminal prosecutions but may be asserted in federal court criminal prosecutions. (See, e.g., here).






        share|improve this answer




























          2












          2








          2







          Short Answer




          In Florida A man (career felon) killed my son and their are 2
          witnesses. one of them is the accused girlfriend. While he’s in jail
          awaiting arraignment and court, they get married for sole purpose for
          avoiding her to not have to testify. Is this valid.? And will it work
          on the defensive side.




          SIMPLIFIED AND UPDATED BASED ON ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN THE QUESTION:



          Their marriage will not allow the girlfriend to refuse to testify as a witness in the case.



          She can be compelled to testify against him under oath, but does not have to testify about the confidential communications that they have with each other after the get married (e.g. if he confesses to her while there are having a private conversation after they are married, while he is outside the jail, while he is meeting with his lawyer).




          And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and
          valid in court for prosecution for conviction.?




          All of her recorded statements made at any time, and everything that happens before they are married are available to be used as evidence at trial (assuming no other rule of evidence excludes it).



          Only confidential statements made between the wife and the criminal defendant while they are married can be excluded based upon spousal status.



          END UPDATE



          Long Answer



          This question is about the marital privilege, which is created by statute or case law. There are actually two separate marital privileges that are analyzed separately.



          Also, I'm simplifying this answer to limit it to the criminal case with a jury trial situation. The rules are more complicated when it is not a criminal case, and in a bench trial as opposed to a jury trial, all references to the jury would instead be to the judge. But, almost everyone facing murder charges chooses a trial by jury instead of a bench trial, as is their right.



          The Husband-Wife Confidential Communications Privilege



          The stronger marital privilege applies to confidential communications made to a defendant's spouse during the marriage which the defendant can insist not be presented to the jury. It doesn't matter if the spouse is still married to the defendant at the time of trial. The main exception to this privilege is for crimes committed against the spouse who is testifying, or to a crime committed against a child of either spouse.



          This privilege does not apply to anything that the defendant says to the girlfriend prior to getting married and does not apply to statements made by the defendant to the spouse when other people were present, and is similar to the attorney-client privilege or the parishioner-clergy privilege. In Florida this privilege, created by statute, reads as follows:




          Florida Evidence Code Section 90.504 Husband-wife privilege.—



          (1) A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship
          to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing,
          communications which were intended to be made in confidence between
          the spouses while they were husband and wife.



          (2) The privilege may be claimed by either spouse or by the guardian
          or conservator of a spouse. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or
          conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the
          absence of contrary evidence.



          (3) There is no privilege under this section:



          (a) In a proceeding brought by or on behalf of one spouse against the
          other spouse.



          (b) In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a
          crime committed at any time against the person or property of the
          other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either.



          (c) In a criminal proceeding in which the communication is offered in
          evidence by a defendant-spouse who is one of the spouses between whom
          the communication was made.




          In many states (and in federal court), this Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications has an exception for cases where the husband and wife jointly carry out a crime or fraud. But, Florida does not have this exception to the Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications in state court criminal cases.



          In federal criminal cases, the case law under Federal Rule of Evidence 501 creates a substantially similar privilege for the purposes of this question. Federal Rule of Evidence 501 is as follows:




          The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light
          of reason and experience — governs a claim of privilege unless any of
          the following provides otherwise:



          the United States Constitution;



          a federal statute; or



          rules prescribed by the Supreme Court.



          But in a civil case, state law governs privilege regarding a claim or
          defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.




          Since this is a criminal case, the last sentence of Federal Rule of Evidence 501 does not apply. There are also not any rules regarding this topic that have actually been prescribed by the U.S. Supreme Court. And, neither the U.S. Constitution nor any federal statute creates a husband-wife or spousal testimonial privilege.



          So, this issue is governed in federal court by "The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience." The relevant common law rules apply nationwide, although different federal court of appeals circuits may apply them slightly differently when the U.S. Supreme Court hasn't supplied a clear rule.



          The Spousal Testimonial Privilege



          The weaker marital privilege (sometimes called the spousal testimonial privilege) in many states, which is similar to the 5th Amendment right of a criminal defendant not to testify at trial, is a criminal defendant's right to prevent his current wife (but not a former spouse) from testifying against him at trial on any matter whatsoever, regardless of whether it relates to something that happened during the marriage or not. This marital privilege often has many exceptions for serious crimes and domestic violence in jurisdictions where it applies.



          In the federal courts, however (pursuant to case law developed under Federal Rule of Evidence 501), this weaker privilege belongs to the spouse called as a witness rather than to the criminal defendant. The spouse of a criminal defendant isn't required to testify against a current spouse in federal criminal prosecutions, but the spouse and not the criminal defendant gets to decide if the spouse will refuse to testify.



          There may be exceptions to the federal spousal testimonial privilege in cases where one spouse is accuses of a crime against the spouse or a child of one of the spouses, where they are joint participants in a crime, or where the competency of the criminal defendant is at issue (see Wikipedia). The only exceptions which might plausibly apply in a federal criminal trial are if the criminal defendant is the father of your son, or if the criminal defendant and his girlfriend whom he marries were joint participants in the crime, neither of which seems likely to be the case here.



          In Florida, the weaker marital privilege also known as the spousal testimonial privilege cannot be asserted in state court criminal prosecutions but may be asserted in federal court criminal prosecutions. (See, e.g., here).






          share|improve this answer















          Short Answer




          In Florida A man (career felon) killed my son and their are 2
          witnesses. one of them is the accused girlfriend. While he’s in jail
          awaiting arraignment and court, they get married for sole purpose for
          avoiding her to not have to testify. Is this valid.? And will it work
          on the defensive side.




          SIMPLIFIED AND UPDATED BASED ON ADDITIONAL INFORMATION IN THE QUESTION:



          Their marriage will not allow the girlfriend to refuse to testify as a witness in the case.



          She can be compelled to testify against him under oath, but does not have to testify about the confidential communications that they have with each other after the get married (e.g. if he confesses to her while there are having a private conversation after they are married, while he is outside the jail, while he is meeting with his lawyer).




          And will all her recorded statements before marriage be useable and
          valid in court for prosecution for conviction.?




          All of her recorded statements made at any time, and everything that happens before they are married are available to be used as evidence at trial (assuming no other rule of evidence excludes it).



          Only confidential statements made between the wife and the criminal defendant while they are married can be excluded based upon spousal status.



          END UPDATE



          Long Answer



          This question is about the marital privilege, which is created by statute or case law. There are actually two separate marital privileges that are analyzed separately.



          Also, I'm simplifying this answer to limit it to the criminal case with a jury trial situation. The rules are more complicated when it is not a criminal case, and in a bench trial as opposed to a jury trial, all references to the jury would instead be to the judge. But, almost everyone facing murder charges chooses a trial by jury instead of a bench trial, as is their right.



          The Husband-Wife Confidential Communications Privilege



          The stronger marital privilege applies to confidential communications made to a defendant's spouse during the marriage which the defendant can insist not be presented to the jury. It doesn't matter if the spouse is still married to the defendant at the time of trial. The main exception to this privilege is for crimes committed against the spouse who is testifying, or to a crime committed against a child of either spouse.



          This privilege does not apply to anything that the defendant says to the girlfriend prior to getting married and does not apply to statements made by the defendant to the spouse when other people were present, and is similar to the attorney-client privilege or the parishioner-clergy privilege. In Florida this privilege, created by statute, reads as follows:




          Florida Evidence Code Section 90.504 Husband-wife privilege.—



          (1) A spouse has a privilege during and after the marital relationship
          to refuse to disclose, and to prevent another from disclosing,
          communications which were intended to be made in confidence between
          the spouses while they were husband and wife.



          (2) The privilege may be claimed by either spouse or by the guardian
          or conservator of a spouse. The authority of a spouse, or guardian or
          conservator of a spouse, to claim the privilege is presumed in the
          absence of contrary evidence.



          (3) There is no privilege under this section:



          (a) In a proceeding brought by or on behalf of one spouse against the
          other spouse.



          (b) In a criminal proceeding in which one spouse is charged with a
          crime committed at any time against the person or property of the
          other spouse, or the person or property of a child of either.



          (c) In a criminal proceeding in which the communication is offered in
          evidence by a defendant-spouse who is one of the spouses between whom
          the communication was made.




          In many states (and in federal court), this Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications has an exception for cases where the husband and wife jointly carry out a crime or fraud. But, Florida does not have this exception to the Husband-Wife privilege for confidential communications in state court criminal cases.



          In federal criminal cases, the case law under Federal Rule of Evidence 501 creates a substantially similar privilege for the purposes of this question. Federal Rule of Evidence 501 is as follows:




          The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light
          of reason and experience — governs a claim of privilege unless any of
          the following provides otherwise:



          the United States Constitution;



          a federal statute; or



          rules prescribed by the Supreme Court.



          But in a civil case, state law governs privilege regarding a claim or
          defense for which state law supplies the rule of decision.




          Since this is a criminal case, the last sentence of Federal Rule of Evidence 501 does not apply. There are also not any rules regarding this topic that have actually been prescribed by the U.S. Supreme Court. And, neither the U.S. Constitution nor any federal statute creates a husband-wife or spousal testimonial privilege.



          So, this issue is governed in federal court by "The common law — as interpreted by United States courts in the light of reason and experience." The relevant common law rules apply nationwide, although different federal court of appeals circuits may apply them slightly differently when the U.S. Supreme Court hasn't supplied a clear rule.



          The Spousal Testimonial Privilege



          The weaker marital privilege (sometimes called the spousal testimonial privilege) in many states, which is similar to the 5th Amendment right of a criminal defendant not to testify at trial, is a criminal defendant's right to prevent his current wife (but not a former spouse) from testifying against him at trial on any matter whatsoever, regardless of whether it relates to something that happened during the marriage or not. This marital privilege often has many exceptions for serious crimes and domestic violence in jurisdictions where it applies.



          In the federal courts, however (pursuant to case law developed under Federal Rule of Evidence 501), this weaker privilege belongs to the spouse called as a witness rather than to the criminal defendant. The spouse of a criminal defendant isn't required to testify against a current spouse in federal criminal prosecutions, but the spouse and not the criminal defendant gets to decide if the spouse will refuse to testify.



          There may be exceptions to the federal spousal testimonial privilege in cases where one spouse is accuses of a crime against the spouse or a child of one of the spouses, where they are joint participants in a crime, or where the competency of the criminal defendant is at issue (see Wikipedia). The only exceptions which might plausibly apply in a federal criminal trial are if the criminal defendant is the father of your son, or if the criminal defendant and his girlfriend whom he marries were joint participants in the crime, neither of which seems likely to be the case here.



          In Florida, the weaker marital privilege also known as the spousal testimonial privilege cannot be asserted in state court criminal prosecutions but may be asserted in federal court criminal prosecutions. (See, e.g., here).







          share|improve this answer














          share|improve this answer



          share|improve this answer








          edited 1 min ago

























          answered 2 hours ago









          ohwillekeohwilleke

          48.1k255123




          48.1k255123























              0














              According to https://www.baezlawfirm.com/can-your-spouse-be-forced-to-testify-against-you/ Section 90.504 of Florida’s Evidence Code includes the privilege to exclude "marital communications" from the testimony of a spouse, but does not include the "testimonial privilege" which Federal common law and the laws of many US states do include, that permits one spouse not to testify against the other.



              See The Wikipedia article 'Spousal Privilage" for more details on these two privilages and their origin, and how they differ in various US jurisdictions (and in other sections, elsewhere in the world).



              So the situation, as described in the question, would not arise -- such testimony would not be blocked by the marriage.






              share|improve this answer



















              • 1





                We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

                – ohwilleke
                2 hours ago











              • @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

                – David Siegel
                2 hours ago
















              0














              According to https://www.baezlawfirm.com/can-your-spouse-be-forced-to-testify-against-you/ Section 90.504 of Florida’s Evidence Code includes the privilege to exclude "marital communications" from the testimony of a spouse, but does not include the "testimonial privilege" which Federal common law and the laws of many US states do include, that permits one spouse not to testify against the other.



              See The Wikipedia article 'Spousal Privilage" for more details on these two privilages and their origin, and how they differ in various US jurisdictions (and in other sections, elsewhere in the world).



              So the situation, as described in the question, would not arise -- such testimony would not be blocked by the marriage.






              share|improve this answer



















              • 1





                We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

                – ohwilleke
                2 hours ago











              • @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

                – David Siegel
                2 hours ago














              0












              0








              0







              According to https://www.baezlawfirm.com/can-your-spouse-be-forced-to-testify-against-you/ Section 90.504 of Florida’s Evidence Code includes the privilege to exclude "marital communications" from the testimony of a spouse, but does not include the "testimonial privilege" which Federal common law and the laws of many US states do include, that permits one spouse not to testify against the other.



              See The Wikipedia article 'Spousal Privilage" for more details on these two privilages and their origin, and how they differ in various US jurisdictions (and in other sections, elsewhere in the world).



              So the situation, as described in the question, would not arise -- such testimony would not be blocked by the marriage.






              share|improve this answer













              According to https://www.baezlawfirm.com/can-your-spouse-be-forced-to-testify-against-you/ Section 90.504 of Florida’s Evidence Code includes the privilege to exclude "marital communications" from the testimony of a spouse, but does not include the "testimonial privilege" which Federal common law and the laws of many US states do include, that permits one spouse not to testify against the other.



              See The Wikipedia article 'Spousal Privilage" for more details on these two privilages and their origin, and how they differ in various US jurisdictions (and in other sections, elsewhere in the world).



              So the situation, as described in the question, would not arise -- such testimony would not be blocked by the marriage.







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered 2 hours ago









              David SiegelDavid Siegel

              9,0621339




              9,0621339








              • 1





                We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

                – ohwilleke
                2 hours ago











              • @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

                – David Siegel
                2 hours ago














              • 1





                We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

                – ohwilleke
                2 hours ago











              • @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

                – David Siegel
                2 hours ago








              1




              1





              We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

              – ohwilleke
              2 hours ago





              We actually don't know from the question if the criminal case is in state court or is in federal court. It is very likely in state court, but there are a variety of federal homicide charges (e.g. murder of a postal worker) that could conceivably apply.

              – ohwilleke
              2 hours ago













              @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

              – David Siegel
              2 hours ago





              @ohwilleke True: I didn't think of that.

              – David Siegel
              2 hours ago











              0














              At the federal level, this is covered by FRE 501, the privilege rule, specifically the spousal testimonial privilege which permits a witness to refuse to testify against his or her spouse. This privilege is not limited to events that a person witnesses while married to a defendant; it is limited to testimony that would be given while the witness is married to the defendant. This could be the source of the belief that marrying a witness would work.



              The Florida-specific version of this rule is here. Under §90.501, the only privilege to refuse to testify is one specified by statute or the Constitution of Florida of the US -- that is, common law privileges are not recognized in Florida. The Florida privilege only pertains to communication during the marriage ("he told me he murdered your son"), and not testimony in general ("I saw him murder your son").






              share|improve this answer




























                0














                At the federal level, this is covered by FRE 501, the privilege rule, specifically the spousal testimonial privilege which permits a witness to refuse to testify against his or her spouse. This privilege is not limited to events that a person witnesses while married to a defendant; it is limited to testimony that would be given while the witness is married to the defendant. This could be the source of the belief that marrying a witness would work.



                The Florida-specific version of this rule is here. Under §90.501, the only privilege to refuse to testify is one specified by statute or the Constitution of Florida of the US -- that is, common law privileges are not recognized in Florida. The Florida privilege only pertains to communication during the marriage ("he told me he murdered your son"), and not testimony in general ("I saw him murder your son").






                share|improve this answer


























                  0












                  0








                  0







                  At the federal level, this is covered by FRE 501, the privilege rule, specifically the spousal testimonial privilege which permits a witness to refuse to testify against his or her spouse. This privilege is not limited to events that a person witnesses while married to a defendant; it is limited to testimony that would be given while the witness is married to the defendant. This could be the source of the belief that marrying a witness would work.



                  The Florida-specific version of this rule is here. Under §90.501, the only privilege to refuse to testify is one specified by statute or the Constitution of Florida of the US -- that is, common law privileges are not recognized in Florida. The Florida privilege only pertains to communication during the marriage ("he told me he murdered your son"), and not testimony in general ("I saw him murder your son").






                  share|improve this answer













                  At the federal level, this is covered by FRE 501, the privilege rule, specifically the spousal testimonial privilege which permits a witness to refuse to testify against his or her spouse. This privilege is not limited to events that a person witnesses while married to a defendant; it is limited to testimony that would be given while the witness is married to the defendant. This could be the source of the belief that marrying a witness would work.



                  The Florida-specific version of this rule is here. Under §90.501, the only privilege to refuse to testify is one specified by statute or the Constitution of Florida of the US -- that is, common law privileges are not recognized in Florida. The Florida privilege only pertains to communication during the marriage ("he told me he murdered your son"), and not testimony in general ("I saw him murder your son").







                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 2 hours ago









                  user6726user6726

                  58.2k45099




                  58.2k45099























                      0














                      It is in state court .
                      A perfect stranger killed my son in his own home .
                      The girlfriend of the accused was only a witness.
                      Not a participant...






                      share|improve this answer








                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





















                      • I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                        – ohwilleke
                        4 secs ago
















                      0














                      It is in state court .
                      A perfect stranger killed my son in his own home .
                      The girlfriend of the accused was only a witness.
                      Not a participant...






                      share|improve this answer








                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





















                      • I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                        – ohwilleke
                        4 secs ago














                      0












                      0








                      0







                      It is in state court .
                      A perfect stranger killed my son in his own home .
                      The girlfriend of the accused was only a witness.
                      Not a participant...






                      share|improve this answer








                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.










                      It is in state court .
                      A perfect stranger killed my son in his own home .
                      The girlfriend of the accused was only a witness.
                      Not a participant...







                      share|improve this answer








                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.









                      share|improve this answer



                      share|improve this answer






                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.









                      answered 19 mins ago









                      Alice Shew Alice Shew

                      1




                      1




                      New contributor




                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.





                      New contributor





                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.






                      Alice Shew is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
                      Check out our Code of Conduct.













                      • I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                        – ohwilleke
                        4 secs ago



















                      • I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                        – ohwilleke
                        4 secs ago

















                      I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                      – ohwilleke
                      4 secs ago





                      I've edited your question to include this additional information and to tweak a couple of grammatical things.

                      – ohwilleke
                      4 secs ago










                      Alice Shew is a new contributor. Be nice, and check out our Code of Conduct.










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