Naturalismus (philosophia)







Paulus Kurtz.





Willardus Van Orman Quine.





Georgius Santayana.


Naturalismus in philosophia est "notio vel fides solum leges viresque naturales (contra supernaturalia vel spiritualia) in mundo operantur."[1] Assectatores naturalismi, naturalistae appellati, asserunt leges naturales regulas quae structuras et mores universi naturalis regunt, et universum mutantem semper et ubique exitum harum legum esse.[2]


"Naturalismus in elementum ontologicum et elementum methodologicum mentis propria vi ac natura separari potest."[3][4]Vocabulum ontologia philosophicam naturae realitatis investigationem attingit. Nonnulli philosophi naturalismum materialismo aequiparant. Exempli gratia, Paulus Kurtz philosophus affirmat nos rationem naturae optime habere per principia materialia, inter quae sunt massa, energia, aliaeque proprietates physicae et chemicae a civitate scientifica agnitae.


Porro, hic sensus naturalismi asserit spiritum, deitates, manesque reales non esse, et nullum mentem in natura inveni posse. Talis absoluta naturalismi fides saepissime naturalismus metaphysicus appellatur.[5]


Theistae, pantheistis exceptis, qui credunt naturam et deum unam ac idem rem esse, notionem naturae omnis realitatis receptaculi repudiant. Secundum nonnullos theistas, leges naturales videri possunt secundarias deorum causas.


Willardus Van Orman Quine, Georgius Santayana, aliique philosophi saeculi vicensimi affirmabant successum naturalismi in scientia significavisse rationes scientificas etiam in philosophia adhiberi debere. Ergo traditur scientia et philosophia continuum constituere.




Index






  • 1 Nexus interni


  • 2 Notae


  • 3 Bibliographia


  • 4 Nexus externi


    • 4.1 Pro


    • 4.2 Neutrius partis


    • 4.3 Contra






Nexus interni




  • Carvaka

  • Captio naturalistica

  • Cogitatio libera

  • Daoismus

  • Deismus

  • Empirismus

  • Epicureismus

  • Hylomorphismus

  • Materialismus

  • Naturalismus humanisticus

  • Naturalismus liberalis

  • Naturalismus religiosus

  • Naturalismus sociologicus

  • Pantheismus naturalisticus

  • Philosophia analytica

  • Philosophia scientiae

  • Physicalismus

  • Scientismus

  • Supernaturalismus

  • Vaisheshika

  • Alfredus North Whitehead




Notae |




  1. ↑ Anglice: "idea or belief that only natural (as opposed to supernatural or spiritual) laws and forces operate in the world." Oxford English Dictionary Online Naturalism.


  2. ↑ Naturalism in The Catholic Encyclopedia: an international work of reference (Novi Eboraci: Appleton, 1907–1914) .mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a,.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a:visited{color:gray}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new{color:#ba0000}.mw-parser-output .existinglinksgray a.new:visited{color:#a55858}
    (Anglice)


  3. ↑ Anglice: "Naturalism can intuitively be separated into an ontological and a methodological component."


  4. ↑ Papineau 2007.


  5. ↑ Kurtz 1998.



Bibliographia |



  • Audi, Robert. 1996. Naturalism. The Encyclopedia of Philosophy Supplement, ed. Donald M. Borchert, 372–374. Macmillan Reference.

  • Danto, Arthur C. 1967. Naturalism. In The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, ed. Paul Edwards, 448–450. Novi Eboraci: Macmillan et The Free Press.

  • De Caro, Mario, et David Macarthur, eds. 2004. Naturalism in Question. Cantabrigiae Massachusettae: Harvard University Press.

  • De Caro, Mario, et David Macarthur, eds. 2010. Naturalism and Normativity. Novi Eboraci: Columbia University Press.

  • Espinoza, Miguel. 2014. Repenser le naturalisme. Lutetiae: L'Harmattan.

  • Kurtz, Paul. 1990. Philosophical Essays in Pragmatic Naturalism. Prometheus Books.

  • Kurtz, Paul. 1998. Darwin Re-Crucified: Why Are So Many Afraid of Naturalism? Free Inquiry 18(2).

  • Lacey, Alan R. 1995. Naturalism. In The Oxford Companion to Philosophy, ed. Ted Honderich, 604–606. Oxoniae: Oxford University Press.

  • Lange, Friedrich Albert. 1925. The History of Materialism. Londinii: Kegan Paul, Trench, Trubner & Co. Ltd. ISBN 0415225256.

  • Macarthur, David. 2008. Quinean Naturalism in Question. Philo 11(1).

  • Papineau, David. 2007. Naturalism. Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, 22 Februarii.

  • Post, John F. 1995. Naturalism. In The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, ed. Robert Audi, 517–518. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.


  • Sagan, Carl. 2002. Cosmos. Novi Eboraci: Random House. ISBN 9780375508325.

  • Schafersman, Steven D. 1996. Naturalism Is Today an Essential Part of Science. Lectio in acroasi "Conference on Naturalism, Theism and the Scientific Enterprise" habita.



Nexus externi |



Pro |



  • Naturalism.org

  • Center for Naturalism.

  • Naturalism: The Naturalistic Worldview.

  • Papineau, David. Naturalism. The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.


  • Illuminating and elevating the naturalistic worldview. the-brights.net.



Neutrius partis |



  • The Craig-Taylor Debate: Is The Basis Of Morality Natural Or Supernatural? William Lane Craig et Richard Taylor, October 1993, Union College (Schenectady Novi Eboraci)


Contra |



  • Delfino, Robert A. 2007. Replacing Methodological Naturalism. Metanexus Institute.

  • Delfino, Robert A. Delfino. 2011. Scientific Naturalism and the Need for a Neutral Metaphysical Framework. ashgate.com.

  • Johnson, Philip. Evolution as Dogma: The Establishment of Naturalism. Ex First Things.

  • Plantinga, Alvin. 1994. Naturalism Defeated. PDF.

  • Biologos.org.


  • Naturalism in The Catholic Encyclopedia: an international work of reference (Novi Eboraci: Appleton, 1907–1914)
    (Anglice)









-

Popular posts from this blog

How to label and detect the document text images

Image
1 $begingroup$ This is what I mean as document text image: I want to label the texts in image as separate blocks and my model should detect these labels as classes. NOTE: This is how the end result should be like: The labels like Block 1, Block 2, Block 3,.. should be Logo, Title, Date,.. Others, etc. Work done: First approach : I tried to implement this method via Object Detection, it didn't work. It didn't even detect any text. Second approach : Then I tried it using PixelLink. As this model is build for scene text detection, it detected each and every text in the image. But this method can detect multiple lines of text if the threshold values are increased. But I have no idea how do I add labels to the text blocks. PIXEL_CLS_WEIGHT_all_ones = 'PIXEL_CLS_WEIGHT_all_ones' PIXEL_C...
Read more

Vallis Paradisi

Image
Coordinata: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap} 33°03′S 71°37′W  /  33.05°S 71.617°W  / -33.05; -71.617 Vallis Paradisi Res apud Vicidata repertae: Civitas : Chilia Numerus incolarum : 296 655 Zona horaria : UTC-4 Situs interretialis Nomen officiale : Valparaíso Gubernium Consilium : municipal council of Valparaíso Geographia Superficies : 401 600 000 Metrum quadratum Coniunctiones urbium Urbes gemellae : Ovetum , Badalona , Santa Fe , Ora longa , Sciamhaevum , Quantunia , Callao , Bat Yam , Melaka , Novorossiysk , Busan , Corduba , Odessa , Rosario , Malacca , Barcino , Soteropolis , Franciscopolis (California) , Guanajuato, Silao Tabula aut despectus Despectus in portum sinumque et urbem Vallis Paradisi Vallis Para...
Read more

Tabula Rosettana

Image
Tabula multilinguis Rosettana in Museo Britannico ostenditur. Tabula Rosettana, [1] etiam titulo OGIS 90 agnita, est stela decreto de rebus sacris in Aegypto anno 196 a.C.n. lato inscripta. Tabula iuxta Rosettam Aegypti, urbem in delta Nili et ad oram maris Mediterranei iacentem, anno 1799 a milite Francico reperta est. Inventio stelae, linguis duabus scripturisque tribus inscriptae, eruditis Instituti Aegypti statim nuntiata est; ibi enim iussu imperatoris Napoleonis eruditi omnium scientiarum (sub aegide Commissionis Scientiarum et Artium) properaverant cum expeditione Francica. Qua a Britannis mox debellata, tabula Rosettana Londinium missa hodie apud Museum Britannicum iacet. Textus Graecus cito lectus interpretationi textuum Aegyptiorum (in formis hieroglyphica et demotica expressorum) gradatim adiuvit. Denique textum plene interpretatus est Ioannes Franciscus Champollion. Ab opere eruditorum cumulativo coepit hodiernus scripturae hieroglyphicae linguaeque Aegyptiae a...
Read more