Campanulaceae sunt familia herbacearum plantarum florentium, fruticum, et raro parvarum arborum, saepe suco lacteo non toxicario praeditarum, quae circa 2000 specierum in septuaginta generibus continet. Inter quas sunt Campanula, Lobelia, Platycodon, et aliae familiares hortorum plantae.
Huic familiae est distributio paene cosmopolitana, sed praecipue in Hemisphaera Septentrionali. In Hemisphaera autem Meridiana, Africa Australis est mirifice copiosa a numeris huius familiae. Haec familia in Antarctica, Groenlandia septentrionali, et Sahara abest.
Plurimae classificationes hodiernae segregatam Lobeliacearum familiam inter Campanulaceas ut subfamilia Lobelioidearum disponunt.
Index
1Descriptio
2Subfamiliae et genera
3Bibliographia
4Nexus externi
Descriptio |
Folia sunt simplicia, sine stipulis, saepe alterna, rarius opposita. Flores sunt bisexuales, campanulati, in angusta corolla tubaeforme consistentes, parvis lobis extendentibus; multi sunt caerulei. Fructus sunt baccae vel capsulae.
Subfamiliae et genera |
Campanuloideae
Adenophora
Astrocodon
Asyneuma
Azorina
Berenice
Campanula (e.g. Campanula americana)
Canarina
Codonopsis
Craterocapsa
Cryptocodon
Cyananthus
Cylindrocarpa
Echinocodon
Edraianthus
Feeria
Gadellia
Githopsis
Gunillaea
Hanabusaya
Heterochaenia
Heterocodon
Homocodon
Jasione
Legousia
Leptocodon
Lightfootia
Merciera
Michauxia
Microcodon
Musschia
Namacodon
Nesocodon
Numaeacampa
Ostrowskia
Peracarpa
Petromarula
Physoplexis
Phyteuma
Platycodon
Popoviocodonia
Prismatocarpus
Rhigiophyllum
Roella
Rollandia
Sergia
Siphocodon
Symphyandra
Theilera
Trachelium
Treichelia
Triodanis
Wahlenbergia
Zeugandra
Lobelioideae
Apetahia
Brighamia
Burmeistera
Centropogon
Clermontia
Cyanea
Delissea
Dialypetalum
Diastatea
Dielsantha
Downingia
Grammatotheca
Heterotoma
Hippobroma
Howellia
Hypsela
Isotoma
Laurentia = Isotoma, Solenopsis, Hippobroma
Legenere
Lobelia
Lysipomia
Monopsis
Palmerella
Porterella
Pratia
Ruthiella
Sclerotheca
Siphocampylus
Solenopsis
Trematocarpus
Trematolobelia
Trimeris
Unigenes
Cyphioideae
Cyphia
Cyphocarpus
Nemacladus
Parishella
Pseudonemacladus
Bibliographia |
Borsch, T., N. Korotkova, T. Raus, W. Lobin, et C. Loehne. 2009. The petD group II intron as a genus and species level marker: Utility for tree inference and species identification in the diverse genus Campanula (Campanulaceae). Willdenowia 39:7–33. PDF.
Cosner, M. E., L. A. Raubeson, et R. K. Jansen: 2007. Chloroplast DNA rearrangements in Campanulaceae: phylogenetic utility of highly rearranged genomes. BMC Evolutionary Biology 4(27):1–17.
Eddie, W. M. M., T. Shulkina, J. Gaskin, R. C. Haberle, et R. K. Jansen. 2003. Phylogeny of Campanulaceae s. str. inferred from ITS sequences of nuclear ribosomal DNA. Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 90(4):554–575.
Fedorov, A., et M. Kovanda. 1976. "Campanulaceae." In Flora Europaea, edd. T. G. Tutin, V. H. Heywood, N. A. Burges, D. M. Moore, D. H. Valentine, S. M. Walters, et D.A. Webb, 74–93. Cantabrigiae: Cambridge University Press.
Lammers, T. G. 2007. World Checklist and Bibliography of Campanulaceae. Richmond, Surrey: Kew Publishing.
Roquet, C., L. Sáez, J. J. Aldasoro, S. Alfonso, M. L. Alarcón, et N. Garcia-Jacas. 2008. Natural delineation, molecular phylogeny and floral evolution in Campanula.Systematic Botany 33:203–217. PDF.
Nexus externi |
Situs scientifici: Tropicos • Tela Botanica • GRIN • ITIS • NCBI • Biodiversity • Encyclopedia of Life • Plant Name Index • Fossilworks • Flora of China
Angiosperm Phylogeny Situs
Flores in Israel
Topwalks
L. Watson and M. J. Dallwitz (1992 et plus). The families of flowering plants: descriptions, illustrations, identification, information retrieval.
Tabula multilinguis Rosettana in Museo Britannico ostenditur. Tabula Rosettana, [1] etiam titulo OGIS 90 agnita, est stela decreto de rebus sacris in Aegypto anno 196 a.C.n. lato inscripta. Tabula iuxta Rosettam Aegypti, urbem in delta Nili et ad oram maris Mediterranei iacentem, anno 1799 a milite Francico reperta est. Inventio stelae, linguis duabus scripturisque tribus inscriptae, eruditis Instituti Aegypti statim nuntiata est; ibi enim iussu imperatoris Napoleonis eruditi omnium scientiarum (sub aegide Commissionis Scientiarum et Artium) properaverant cum expeditione Francica. Qua a Britannis mox debellata, tabula Rosettana Londinium missa hodie apud Museum Britannicum iacet. Textus Graecus cito lectus interpretationi textuum Aegyptiorum (in formis hieroglyphica et demotica expressorum) gradatim adiuvit. Denique textum plene interpretatus est Ioannes Franciscus Champollion. Ab opere eruditorum cumulativo coepit hodiernus scripturae hieroglyphicae linguaeque Aegyptiae a...
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This is what I mean as document text image: I want to label the texts in image as separate blocks and my model should detect these labels as classes. NOTE: This is how the end result should be like: The labels like Block 1, Block 2, Block 3,.. should be Logo, Title, Date,.. Others, etc. Work done: First approach : I tried to implement this method via Object Detection, it didn't work. It didn't even detect any text. Second approach : Then I tried it using PixelLink. As this model is build for scene text detection, it detected each and every text in the image. But this method can detect multiple lines of text if the threshold values are increased. But I have no idea how do I add labels to the text blocks. PIXEL_CLS_WEIGHT_all_ones = 'PIXEL_CLS_WEIGHT_all_ones' PIXEL_C...
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I have this LSTM model model = Sequential() model.add(Masking(mask_value=0, input_shape=(timesteps, features))) model.add(LSTM(100, dropout=0.2, recurrent_dropout=0.2, return_sequences=False)) model.add(Dense(features, activation='softmax')) model.compile(loss='categorical_crossentropy', optimizer='adam', metrics=['accuracy']) and shapes X_train (21, 11, 5), y_train (21, 5) . Each timestep is represented by 5 features and return_sequences is set to False because I want to predict one 5D array (the next timestep) for each input sequence of 11 timesteps. I get the error ValueError: y_true and y_pred have different number of output (5!=1) If I reshape the data as X_train (21, 11, 5), y_train (21, 1, 5) instead I get the error ValueError: Inva...
