Page Layouts : 1 column , 2 columns-left , 2 columns-right , 3 column





.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0;
}







4















I am having a doubt.




  • What is mean by 1 column, 2 columns-left, 2 columns-right and 3 columns ?

  • What is the use ?

  • How we can identify this page is 1 column , or 2 columns-left or 2 columns-right or 3 columns ?

  • Can anyone please explain in brief ?


Thanks in advance.










share|improve this question































    4















    I am having a doubt.




    • What is mean by 1 column, 2 columns-left, 2 columns-right and 3 columns ?

    • What is the use ?

    • How we can identify this page is 1 column , or 2 columns-left or 2 columns-right or 3 columns ?

    • Can anyone please explain in brief ?


    Thanks in advance.










    share|improve this question



























      4












      4








      4


      1






      I am having a doubt.




      • What is mean by 1 column, 2 columns-left, 2 columns-right and 3 columns ?

      • What is the use ?

      • How we can identify this page is 1 column , or 2 columns-left or 2 columns-right or 3 columns ?

      • Can anyone please explain in brief ?


      Thanks in advance.










      share|improve this question
















      I am having a doubt.




      • What is mean by 1 column, 2 columns-left, 2 columns-right and 3 columns ?

      • What is the use ?

      • How we can identify this page is 1 column , or 2 columns-left or 2 columns-right or 3 columns ?

      • Can anyone please explain in brief ?


      Thanks in advance.







      magento2






      share|improve this question















      share|improve this question













      share|improve this question




      share|improve this question








      edited 17 mins ago









      Sudhanshu Bajaj

      385




      385










      asked 1 hour ago









      priyapriya

      547




      547






















          3 Answers
          3






          active

          oldest

          votes


















          3














          Page layout




          • Page layout declares the wireframe of a page inside the <body>
            section, for example one-column layout or two-column layout.

          • The example below showed the standard tag with the layout
            directive, which indicates the structure (type) of the page layout
            from which the new page layout is inherited.

          • It means that module page with this layout file will have a
            one-column grid, the same that is used by the standard Magento 2
            “Luma” theme on the main page.

          • I would like to remind that you can also use the admin panel to
            select the required template. The corresponding menu item can be
            found in the following way:



          Content ⇒ Pages ⇒ Target_Page_Edit ⇒ Design ⇒ Layout




          If you apply a standard grid to the “Luma” theme main page.



          enter image description here



          Where are the existing page layouts used in Magento 2?




          There are 5 types of default page layouts in Magento 2. Let’s take
          the “Luma” theme as an example and see which main pages they are
          applied at.






          • empty (page without containers) – checkout pages (update from empty),


          • 1 column (one container for all the content) – home page,
            product-view, all-cms-pages, cart, login-page, success page,


          • 2 column with left bar (container for content and left sidebar) –
            what-is-new, category-view, subcategory-view, account-pages,


          • 2 column with right bar (container for content and right sidebar) –
            no-route-page (404),


          • 3 column (3 optional containers).


          Sample page layout:




          /view/frontend/page_layout/2columns-left.xml




          <layout xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_layout.xsd">
          <update handle="1column"/>
          <referenceContainer name="columns">
          <container name="div.sidebar.main" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-main" after="main">
          <container name="sidebar.main" as="sidebar_main" label="Sidebar Main"/>
          </container>
          <container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
          <container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
          </container>
          </referenceContainer>
          </layout>


          Page layout files conventional location
          Conventionally page layouts must be located as follows





          • Module page layouts: <module_dir>/view/frontend/page_layout


          • Theme page layouts: <theme_dir>/<Namespace>_<Module>/page_layout


          Refrences





          1. Magento DevDocs


          2. belvg






          share|improve this answer



















          • 1





            Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

            – priya
            54 mins ago











          • Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

            – Aaditya
            53 mins ago











          • what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

            – priya
            17 mins ago











          • The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

            – Aaditya
            5 mins ago



















          2














          You can read layout image via devdocs: https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/frontend-dev-guide/layouts/layout-overview.html



          To use that column via layout, you can add attribute "layout" via your layout:



          <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="2columns-left" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">





          share|improve this answer































            2














            I am trying to answer in my perspective



            layout in nothing but an view layer in magento 2. What you see in webpage is an layout and it can be like




            1 - column, 2- coulmns-left etc..,




            it will be defined in layout.xml respective to the pages you're working on.



            For example :



            If you're working on homepage then you must defining the layout in cms_index_index.xml likewise it varies from product page catalog_product_view.xml



            and coming back to the question



            1 - Column



            enter image description here



            2 - column left
            enter image description here



            2 - column right - is vise-versa of 2 - column left



            and



            3 - column



            enter image description here



            2 . How to identify layout of particular page



            In magento you can inspect the page and check the body tag for layout class



            It looks like



            page-layout-1column or page-layout-2columns-left


            and it does vary from page to page.



            In magento you can verify by checking the xml file and for each page there will separate layout will be defined.




            Home page - cms_index_index.xml



            Cateogry Page - catalog_category_view.xml



            Product Page - catalog_product_view.xml



            Cart page - checkout_cart_index.xml



            Checkout - checkout_index_index.xml




            and for cms pages you have login to admin and find out the layout in specific to pages.



            For more information visit here



            Hope this information helps.






            share|improve this answer
























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              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

              votes








              3 Answers
              3






              active

              oldest

              votes









              active

              oldest

              votes






              active

              oldest

              votes









              3














              Page layout




              • Page layout declares the wireframe of a page inside the <body>
                section, for example one-column layout or two-column layout.

              • The example below showed the standard tag with the layout
                directive, which indicates the structure (type) of the page layout
                from which the new page layout is inherited.

              • It means that module page with this layout file will have a
                one-column grid, the same that is used by the standard Magento 2
                “Luma” theme on the main page.

              • I would like to remind that you can also use the admin panel to
                select the required template. The corresponding menu item can be
                found in the following way:



              Content ⇒ Pages ⇒ Target_Page_Edit ⇒ Design ⇒ Layout




              If you apply a standard grid to the “Luma” theme main page.



              enter image description here



              Where are the existing page layouts used in Magento 2?




              There are 5 types of default page layouts in Magento 2. Let’s take
              the “Luma” theme as an example and see which main pages they are
              applied at.






              • empty (page without containers) – checkout pages (update from empty),


              • 1 column (one container for all the content) – home page,
                product-view, all-cms-pages, cart, login-page, success page,


              • 2 column with left bar (container for content and left sidebar) –
                what-is-new, category-view, subcategory-view, account-pages,


              • 2 column with right bar (container for content and right sidebar) –
                no-route-page (404),


              • 3 column (3 optional containers).


              Sample page layout:




              /view/frontend/page_layout/2columns-left.xml




              <layout xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_layout.xsd">
              <update handle="1column"/>
              <referenceContainer name="columns">
              <container name="div.sidebar.main" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-main" after="main">
              <container name="sidebar.main" as="sidebar_main" label="Sidebar Main"/>
              </container>
              <container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
              <container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
              </container>
              </referenceContainer>
              </layout>


              Page layout files conventional location
              Conventionally page layouts must be located as follows





              • Module page layouts: <module_dir>/view/frontend/page_layout


              • Theme page layouts: <theme_dir>/<Namespace>_<Module>/page_layout


              Refrences





              1. Magento DevDocs


              2. belvg






              share|improve this answer



















              • 1





                Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

                – priya
                54 mins ago











              • Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

                – Aaditya
                53 mins ago











              • what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

                – priya
                17 mins ago











              • The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

                – Aaditya
                5 mins ago
















              3














              Page layout




              • Page layout declares the wireframe of a page inside the <body>
                section, for example one-column layout or two-column layout.

              • The example below showed the standard tag with the layout
                directive, which indicates the structure (type) of the page layout
                from which the new page layout is inherited.

              • It means that module page with this layout file will have a
                one-column grid, the same that is used by the standard Magento 2
                “Luma” theme on the main page.

              • I would like to remind that you can also use the admin panel to
                select the required template. The corresponding menu item can be
                found in the following way:



              Content ⇒ Pages ⇒ Target_Page_Edit ⇒ Design ⇒ Layout




              If you apply a standard grid to the “Luma” theme main page.



              enter image description here



              Where are the existing page layouts used in Magento 2?




              There are 5 types of default page layouts in Magento 2. Let’s take
              the “Luma” theme as an example and see which main pages they are
              applied at.






              • empty (page without containers) – checkout pages (update from empty),


              • 1 column (one container for all the content) – home page,
                product-view, all-cms-pages, cart, login-page, success page,


              • 2 column with left bar (container for content and left sidebar) –
                what-is-new, category-view, subcategory-view, account-pages,


              • 2 column with right bar (container for content and right sidebar) –
                no-route-page (404),


              • 3 column (3 optional containers).


              Sample page layout:




              /view/frontend/page_layout/2columns-left.xml




              <layout xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_layout.xsd">
              <update handle="1column"/>
              <referenceContainer name="columns">
              <container name="div.sidebar.main" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-main" after="main">
              <container name="sidebar.main" as="sidebar_main" label="Sidebar Main"/>
              </container>
              <container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
              <container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
              </container>
              </referenceContainer>
              </layout>


              Page layout files conventional location
              Conventionally page layouts must be located as follows





              • Module page layouts: <module_dir>/view/frontend/page_layout


              • Theme page layouts: <theme_dir>/<Namespace>_<Module>/page_layout


              Refrences





              1. Magento DevDocs


              2. belvg






              share|improve this answer



















              • 1





                Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

                – priya
                54 mins ago











              • Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

                – Aaditya
                53 mins ago











              • what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

                – priya
                17 mins ago











              • The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

                – Aaditya
                5 mins ago














              3












              3








              3







              Page layout




              • Page layout declares the wireframe of a page inside the <body>
                section, for example one-column layout or two-column layout.

              • The example below showed the standard tag with the layout
                directive, which indicates the structure (type) of the page layout
                from which the new page layout is inherited.

              • It means that module page with this layout file will have a
                one-column grid, the same that is used by the standard Magento 2
                “Luma” theme on the main page.

              • I would like to remind that you can also use the admin panel to
                select the required template. The corresponding menu item can be
                found in the following way:



              Content ⇒ Pages ⇒ Target_Page_Edit ⇒ Design ⇒ Layout




              If you apply a standard grid to the “Luma” theme main page.



              enter image description here



              Where are the existing page layouts used in Magento 2?




              There are 5 types of default page layouts in Magento 2. Let’s take
              the “Luma” theme as an example and see which main pages they are
              applied at.






              • empty (page without containers) – checkout pages (update from empty),


              • 1 column (one container for all the content) – home page,
                product-view, all-cms-pages, cart, login-page, success page,


              • 2 column with left bar (container for content and left sidebar) –
                what-is-new, category-view, subcategory-view, account-pages,


              • 2 column with right bar (container for content and right sidebar) –
                no-route-page (404),


              • 3 column (3 optional containers).


              Sample page layout:




              /view/frontend/page_layout/2columns-left.xml




              <layout xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_layout.xsd">
              <update handle="1column"/>
              <referenceContainer name="columns">
              <container name="div.sidebar.main" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-main" after="main">
              <container name="sidebar.main" as="sidebar_main" label="Sidebar Main"/>
              </container>
              <container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
              <container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
              </container>
              </referenceContainer>
              </layout>


              Page layout files conventional location
              Conventionally page layouts must be located as follows





              • Module page layouts: <module_dir>/view/frontend/page_layout


              • Theme page layouts: <theme_dir>/<Namespace>_<Module>/page_layout


              Refrences





              1. Magento DevDocs


              2. belvg






              share|improve this answer













              Page layout




              • Page layout declares the wireframe of a page inside the <body>
                section, for example one-column layout or two-column layout.

              • The example below showed the standard tag with the layout
                directive, which indicates the structure (type) of the page layout
                from which the new page layout is inherited.

              • It means that module page with this layout file will have a
                one-column grid, the same that is used by the standard Magento 2
                “Luma” theme on the main page.

              • I would like to remind that you can also use the admin panel to
                select the required template. The corresponding menu item can be
                found in the following way:



              Content ⇒ Pages ⇒ Target_Page_Edit ⇒ Design ⇒ Layout




              If you apply a standard grid to the “Luma” theme main page.



              enter image description here



              Where are the existing page layouts used in Magento 2?




              There are 5 types of default page layouts in Magento 2. Let’s take
              the “Luma” theme as an example and see which main pages they are
              applied at.






              • empty (page without containers) – checkout pages (update from empty),


              • 1 column (one container for all the content) – home page,
                product-view, all-cms-pages, cart, login-page, success page,


              • 2 column with left bar (container for content and left sidebar) –
                what-is-new, category-view, subcategory-view, account-pages,


              • 2 column with right bar (container for content and right sidebar) –
                no-route-page (404),


              • 3 column (3 optional containers).


              Sample page layout:




              /view/frontend/page_layout/2columns-left.xml




              <layout xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:View/Layout/etc/page_layout.xsd">
              <update handle="1column"/>
              <referenceContainer name="columns">
              <container name="div.sidebar.main" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-main" after="main">
              <container name="sidebar.main" as="sidebar_main" label="Sidebar Main"/>
              </container>
              <container name="div.sidebar.additional" htmlTag="div" htmlClass="sidebar sidebar-additional" after="div.sidebar.main">
              <container name="sidebar.additional" as="sidebar_additional" label="Sidebar Additional"/>
              </container>
              </referenceContainer>
              </layout>


              Page layout files conventional location
              Conventionally page layouts must be located as follows





              • Module page layouts: <module_dir>/view/frontend/page_layout


              • Theme page layouts: <theme_dir>/<Namespace>_<Module>/page_layout


              Refrences





              1. Magento DevDocs


              2. belvg







              share|improve this answer












              share|improve this answer



              share|improve this answer










              answered 1 hour ago









              AadityaAaditya

              4,50121139




              4,50121139








              • 1





                Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

                – priya
                54 mins ago











              • Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

                – Aaditya
                53 mins ago











              • what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

                – priya
                17 mins ago











              • The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

                – Aaditya
                5 mins ago














              • 1





                Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

                – priya
                54 mins ago











              • Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

                – Aaditya
                53 mins ago











              • what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

                – priya
                17 mins ago











              • The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

                – Aaditya
                5 mins ago








              1




              1





              Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

              – priya
              54 mins ago





              Thanks a lot. It helped for me.

              – priya
              54 mins ago













              Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

              – Aaditya
              53 mins ago





              Anytime, If it solves your query then you can mark solution as accepted which will help future readers.

              – Aaditya
              53 mins ago













              what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

              – priya
              17 mins ago





              what is the use of <update handle="1column"/> update handle?

              – priya
              17 mins ago













              The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

              – Aaditya
              5 mins ago





              The update handle is basically a "merge this layout with my current layout".

              – Aaditya
              5 mins ago













              2














              You can read layout image via devdocs: https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/frontend-dev-guide/layouts/layout-overview.html



              To use that column via layout, you can add attribute "layout" via your layout:



              <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="2columns-left" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">





              share|improve this answer




























                2














                You can read layout image via devdocs: https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/frontend-dev-guide/layouts/layout-overview.html



                To use that column via layout, you can add attribute "layout" via your layout:



                <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="2columns-left" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">





                share|improve this answer


























                  2












                  2








                  2







                  You can read layout image via devdocs: https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/frontend-dev-guide/layouts/layout-overview.html



                  To use that column via layout, you can add attribute "layout" via your layout:



                  <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="2columns-left" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">





                  share|improve this answer













                  You can read layout image via devdocs: https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.2/frontend-dev-guide/layouts/layout-overview.html



                  To use that column via layout, you can add attribute "layout" via your layout:



                  <config xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" layout="2columns-left" xsi:noNamespaceSchemaLocation="urn:magento:framework:ObjectManager/etc/config.xsd">






                  share|improve this answer












                  share|improve this answer



                  share|improve this answer










                  answered 1 hour ago









                  the lightthe light

                  895




                  895























                      2














                      I am trying to answer in my perspective



                      layout in nothing but an view layer in magento 2. What you see in webpage is an layout and it can be like




                      1 - column, 2- coulmns-left etc..,




                      it will be defined in layout.xml respective to the pages you're working on.



                      For example :



                      If you're working on homepage then you must defining the layout in cms_index_index.xml likewise it varies from product page catalog_product_view.xml



                      and coming back to the question



                      1 - Column



                      enter image description here



                      2 - column left
                      enter image description here



                      2 - column right - is vise-versa of 2 - column left



                      and



                      3 - column



                      enter image description here



                      2 . How to identify layout of particular page



                      In magento you can inspect the page and check the body tag for layout class



                      It looks like



                      page-layout-1column or page-layout-2columns-left


                      and it does vary from page to page.



                      In magento you can verify by checking the xml file and for each page there will separate layout will be defined.




                      Home page - cms_index_index.xml



                      Cateogry Page - catalog_category_view.xml



                      Product Page - catalog_product_view.xml



                      Cart page - checkout_cart_index.xml



                      Checkout - checkout_index_index.xml




                      and for cms pages you have login to admin and find out the layout in specific to pages.



                      For more information visit here



                      Hope this information helps.






                      share|improve this answer




























                        2














                        I am trying to answer in my perspective



                        layout in nothing but an view layer in magento 2. What you see in webpage is an layout and it can be like




                        1 - column, 2- coulmns-left etc..,




                        it will be defined in layout.xml respective to the pages you're working on.



                        For example :



                        If you're working on homepage then you must defining the layout in cms_index_index.xml likewise it varies from product page catalog_product_view.xml



                        and coming back to the question



                        1 - Column



                        enter image description here



                        2 - column left
                        enter image description here



                        2 - column right - is vise-versa of 2 - column left



                        and



                        3 - column



                        enter image description here



                        2 . How to identify layout of particular page



                        In magento you can inspect the page and check the body tag for layout class



                        It looks like



                        page-layout-1column or page-layout-2columns-left


                        and it does vary from page to page.



                        In magento you can verify by checking the xml file and for each page there will separate layout will be defined.




                        Home page - cms_index_index.xml



                        Cateogry Page - catalog_category_view.xml



                        Product Page - catalog_product_view.xml



                        Cart page - checkout_cart_index.xml



                        Checkout - checkout_index_index.xml




                        and for cms pages you have login to admin and find out the layout in specific to pages.



                        For more information visit here



                        Hope this information helps.






                        share|improve this answer


























                          2












                          2








                          2







                          I am trying to answer in my perspective



                          layout in nothing but an view layer in magento 2. What you see in webpage is an layout and it can be like




                          1 - column, 2- coulmns-left etc..,




                          it will be defined in layout.xml respective to the pages you're working on.



                          For example :



                          If you're working on homepage then you must defining the layout in cms_index_index.xml likewise it varies from product page catalog_product_view.xml



                          and coming back to the question



                          1 - Column



                          enter image description here



                          2 - column left
                          enter image description here



                          2 - column right - is vise-versa of 2 - column left



                          and



                          3 - column



                          enter image description here



                          2 . How to identify layout of particular page



                          In magento you can inspect the page and check the body tag for layout class



                          It looks like



                          page-layout-1column or page-layout-2columns-left


                          and it does vary from page to page.



                          In magento you can verify by checking the xml file and for each page there will separate layout will be defined.




                          Home page - cms_index_index.xml



                          Cateogry Page - catalog_category_view.xml



                          Product Page - catalog_product_view.xml



                          Cart page - checkout_cart_index.xml



                          Checkout - checkout_index_index.xml




                          and for cms pages you have login to admin and find out the layout in specific to pages.



                          For more information visit here



                          Hope this information helps.






                          share|improve this answer













                          I am trying to answer in my perspective



                          layout in nothing but an view layer in magento 2. What you see in webpage is an layout and it can be like




                          1 - column, 2- coulmns-left etc..,




                          it will be defined in layout.xml respective to the pages you're working on.



                          For example :



                          If you're working on homepage then you must defining the layout in cms_index_index.xml likewise it varies from product page catalog_product_view.xml



                          and coming back to the question



                          1 - Column



                          enter image description here



                          2 - column left
                          enter image description here



                          2 - column right - is vise-versa of 2 - column left



                          and



                          3 - column



                          enter image description here



                          2 . How to identify layout of particular page



                          In magento you can inspect the page and check the body tag for layout class



                          It looks like



                          page-layout-1column or page-layout-2columns-left


                          and it does vary from page to page.



                          In magento you can verify by checking the xml file and for each page there will separate layout will be defined.




                          Home page - cms_index_index.xml



                          Cateogry Page - catalog_category_view.xml



                          Product Page - catalog_product_view.xml



                          Cart page - checkout_cart_index.xml



                          Checkout - checkout_index_index.xml




                          and for cms pages you have login to admin and find out the layout in specific to pages.



                          For more information visit here



                          Hope this information helps.







                          share|improve this answer












                          share|improve this answer



                          share|improve this answer










                          answered 53 mins ago









                          Prathap GunasekaranPrathap Gunasekaran

                          1,9321618




                          1,9321618






























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