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	Cave: notitiae huius paginae nec praescriptiones nec consilia medica sunt.

Imago radiorum X pulmonum hominis phthisi continua laborantis.

Phthisis^[1] (a verbo Graeco φθίσις) aut tuberculosis^[2] est frequens et saepe mortifer morbus infectiosus, mycobacteriis variarum specierum, in hominibus plerumque Mycobacterio tuberculosis effectus.^[3]

Robertus Koch, inventor bacilli tuberculosis.

Symptomata phthisis imprimis contagione pulmonum cum tussi, sputo sanguineo nota sunt, sed phthisis non solum pulmones, sed etiam alias corporis partes appetit, cum indiciis morbi febri, sudore nocturno, deminutione ponderis, fatigatione. Communicatur per aerem, cum homines activa tuberculosi infecti tussiunt, sternuunt, vel alioquin salivam per aerem transmittunt.^[4] Plurimae infectiones asymptomaticae et latentes sunt, sed una fere e decem infectionibus latentibus postremo in morbum activum commutatur, qui, nisi curatur, plus centesimas hominum infectorum interficit.

Iam anno 460 a.C.n., Hippocrates de phthisi scripsit. Hodie novimus causam huius morbi esse bacterium a Roberto Koch, medico Germano, die 24 Martii anno 1882 inventum.^[5]

Mycobacterium tuberculosis |

Microgramma electronis inspiciens speciei Mycobacterii tuberculosis.

Commentatio principalis: Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Mycobacterium tuberculosis, ut nomen suum indicat, est bacterium cum structuris fungorum (de Graeco μύκης, fungus) similibus, phthisem perficiens. Cum mycobacteria prorsus omnia immobilia tam ab oxygenio pendant, quam ab substantiis organicis, locis destinatis saepius inveniuntur, ut in pulmonibus. Mycobacteria tuberculosis tarde crescunt, circiter 15-12 horae ad proximam divisionem necesse sunt, quo fit ut mycobacteria dormientia videri possunt. Quin etiam in phagocytis bacteria haec perlonge sine detrimentis maneant.

In aliis animalibus |

Mycobacteria multa animalia varia inficiunt, inter quae aves,^[6]rodentia,^[7] et reptilia.^[8]Subspecies autem Mycobacterium tuberculosis raro in feris videtur.^[9] Conatus ad exstirpandam tuberculosim bovinam, Mycobacterio bovis effectam, ex bubus et gregibus cervorum in Nova Zelandia prosper fuit.^[10] Similes autem conatus in Magna Britannia facti minus prosperi fuerunt.^[11]

Tuberculosis |

Epidemiologia |

Anno 2007, praevalentia phthisis per 100 000 hominum fuit altissima in Africa sub-Saharana, et fuit aliquantulum alta in Asia.^[12].

Annuus casuum nuper nuntiatorum numerus. Data ex Consociatione Mundiali Sanitatis (tabula Anglice signata).^[13]

Terrarum orbe contagio fere immense est: hominum per mycobacterium tuberculosis infecta est circiter tertia pars, ex eis centesimo quindecim in cursibus vitarum suarum in tuberculosem activam incidunt. Praevalentia altissmima in Africa sub-Saharana est (vid. imaginem). Incrementum formarum cum resistentiis multa contra medicamenta observatur. Observatur quoque incrementum incidentiae incrementum numerorum casuum nuntiatorum.

Symptomata et signa |

Symptomata phtisis non solum systematis bronchopulmonalis, sed vero aliorum organorum sunt.

Symptomata phthisis imprimis contagione pulmonum cum tussi, sputo sanguineo nota sunt, sed phthisis non solum pulmones, sed etiam alias corporis partes appetit, cum indiciis morbi febri, sudore nocturno, deminutione ponderis, fatigatione.

Tractatio |

Quaeque phthisis activa tractanda est. Tractatio phthisis dicta generalia ut hygiene atque medicamenta ut Isoniazidum, Rifampizinum, Pyrazinamidum, Ethambutolum, Streptomycinum includit.

In arte |

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (rubrum coloratum) in sputo.

Experimentum cutis tuberculini Mantoux.

Mumia Aegyptia in Museo Britannico conservata. Tabes phthisica in spinis mumiarum Aegyptiarum inventa est.

Inter scriptores, artifices, et musicos phthisi mortuos, paene omnes iuvenes, sunt Ioannes Boine (1887–1917), Aemilia Brontë (1818–1848), Fridericus Chopin (1810–1849), Antonius Pauli filius Čechov (1860–1904), Georgius Orwell (1903–1950), Sergius Corazzini (1886–1907), Iosephus Giusti (1809–1850), Guido Gozzano (1883–1916), Ioannes Baptista Grazioli (1746–1820), Ioannes Petrus Jacobsen (1847–1885), Ioannes Keats (1795–1821), et Ioannes Baptista Pergolesi (1710–1736). Inter personas in poesi, mythistoria, et opera phthisi moribundas sunt Silvia Iacobi Leopardi, La Dame aux camélias Alexandri Dumas, Violetta in Traviata Iosephi Verdi, Mimi in La Bohème Iacobi Puccini, et Ilju in Fratres Karamazov Theodori Dostoevskij.

Nexus interni

• Hygiene

Notae |

Bibliographia |

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• Holbrook, M. L. 1900. Die Verhütung, hygienische Behandlung und Heilung der Lungenschwindsucht. Monaci: Concord. Digitalisat.
  


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• Kidder, Tracy. 2004. Mountains beyond Mountains. Novi Eboraci: Random House Trade Paperbacks. ISBN 0-8129-7301-1.


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• Nemery, B., W. W. Yew, R. Albert, et al. 2005. Tuberculosis, nontuberculous lung infection, pleural disorders, pulmonary function, respiratory muscles, occupational lung disease, pulmonary infections, and social issues in AJRCCM in 2004. American Journal of Respiratory Critical Care Medicine 171(6):554–62. DOI:10.1164/rccm.2412009. PMID 15753485.


• Palomino, Juan Carlos, Sylvia Leão, Viviana Ritacco, et al. 2007. Tuberculosis 2007: From basic science to patient care. PDF, 8,3MB, 687 S. (TuberculosisTextbook.com)


• Reavill, D. R.; Schmidt, R. E. 2012. Mycobacterial lesions in fish, amphibians, reptiles, rodents, lagomorphs, and ferrets with reference to animal models. The veterinary clinics of North America: Exotic animal practice 15 (1): 25–40, v.


• Roloff, Wilhelm. 1948. Die Lungentuberkulose. Berolini/ Göttingen/ Heidelberg: Springer.


• Roloff, Wilhelm. 1949. Das Tuberkulose-Lexikon. Ed. 2a. Stuttgartiae: Thieme.


• Ryan, Frank. 1993. The Forgotten Plague: How the Battle Against Tuberculosis Was Won—and Lost. Bostoniae: Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 0-316-76380-2.


• Ryan, T. J.; Livingstone, P. G., Ramsey, D. S., de Lisle, G. W., Nugent, G., Collins, D. M., Buddle, B. M. 2006. Advances in understanding disease epidemiology and implications for control and eradication of tuberculosis in livestock: the experience from New Zealand. Veterinary microbiology 112 (2-4): 211–9.


• Shivaprasad, H. L.; Palmieri, C. 2012. Pathology of mycobacteriosis in birds. The veterinary clinics of North America: Exotic animal practice 15 (1): 41–55, v-vi.


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• Wobeser, Gary A. 2006. Essentials of disease in wild animals. Ed. 1a. Ames, Iova (etc.): Blackwell Publ. pp. 170. ISBN 978-0-8138-0589-4
  


• Wolters, Christine. 2011. Tuberkulose und Menschenversuche im Nationalsozialismus: Das Netzwerk hinter den Tbc-Experimenten im Konzentrationslager Sachsenhausen. Stuttgartiae: Steiner. ISBN 978-3-515-09399-6.


• Zorini Attilio, Omodei; Mariani, B. 1971. Terapia e profilassi della tubercolosi. Capitulum 2 in Vaccinazione antitubercolare, edd. M. Lucchini et G. Spina. Augustae Taurinorum: Minerva Medica.