Who was the actual trombonist?
In Season 6, Episode 24 of TNG, Riker is playing a trombone, but who is the real trombonist?
star-trek star-trek-tng
add a comment |
In Season 6, Episode 24 of TNG, Riker is playing a trombone, but who is the real trombonist?
star-trek star-trek-tng
add a comment |
In Season 6, Episode 24 of TNG, Riker is playing a trombone, but who is the real trombonist?
star-trek star-trek-tng
In Season 6, Episode 24 of TNG, Riker is playing a trombone, but who is the real trombonist?
star-trek star-trek-tng
star-trek star-trek-tng
edited Aug 3 '16 at 6:20
Praxis
88.8k35438603
88.8k35438603
asked Aug 3 '16 at 5:43
Dmd DaglowDmd Daglow
144123
144123
add a comment |
add a comment |
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
If this clip is the clip that you are thinking of:
Then it is undoubtedly Bill Watrous. At the beginning of this clip, you can hear the tail end of Frakes statement, also corroborated here
Frakes likes to talk about trombone playing, something he has done since he marched with the band at Penn State University. He played it on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but was often dubbed by someone else onscreen. "When Riker played badly, it was me, but when he was playing well, it was Bill Watrous," confesses Frakes. "My kid still thinks I'm good, though. He recognizes Star Trek when it's on, that's Daddy's show."
It is definitely overdubbed. It is obvious that Frakes does actually play the trombone, because the technique he uses to hold the instrument is correct. The velocity that he moves the slide is appropriate too. However, the positions he uses are not correct for the pitches that are actually being played. Further, there are several times where the audio has very wide slide vibrato and yet the visual has the slide kept immobile.
While this does not prove who the trombonist is, we can be reasonably assured that it is not Frakes playing trombone. For comparison, here are several clips of him playing trombone:
The tone quality is vastly different than in the clip in question, and while he's actually a decent player, is is different enough that in the case of the latter, it is Frakes playing, and in the former, someone who is a hardened professional doing the playing. If it were another professional it would be more difficult to tell who it was, but Bill has an exceedingly unique style of playing and timbre that is basically impossible to replicate without years and years of dedicated practicing.
For comparison, here are some clips of Bill Watrous, you can compare the above tone quality with several clips above. It should become abundantly clear this is the artist overdubbing that particular scene:
Given the words of Frakes, there are two options: It can be him playing, or it can be Bill Watrous. Because of the tone quality and manner of playing, it must be Watrous.
As an aside, he appears to be playing a King 2B, 2B+, or "Jiggs" 2B trombone, which can be ascertained by some of the design features of the instrument, which include a King style bent lower bell brace and the smaller 7 3/8" bell diameter.
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
add a comment |
Quite possibly Jonathan Frakes himself:
Also, from this interview:
I told [Roddenberry] about the trombone and the jazz, and then all of a sudden the character started to have a few of the qualities that I could relate to personally.
So the fact that Riker plays the trombone is because Frakes plays it.
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
add a comment |
Has anyone noticed that in TNG S5 E14 "Conundrum" riker starts to play the theme from Battle Star Galactica on trombone? I would assume he didnt get to far because of licensing...
New contributor
add a comment |
Your Answer
StackExchange.ready(function() {
var channelOptions = {
tags: "".split(" "),
id: "186"
};
initTagRenderer("".split(" "), "".split(" "), channelOptions);
StackExchange.using("externalEditor", function() {
// Have to fire editor after snippets, if snippets enabled
if (StackExchange.settings.snippets.snippetsEnabled) {
StackExchange.using("snippets", function() {
createEditor();
});
}
else {
createEditor();
}
});
function createEditor() {
StackExchange.prepareEditor({
heartbeatType: 'answer',
autoActivateHeartbeat: false,
convertImagesToLinks: false,
noModals: true,
showLowRepImageUploadWarning: true,
reputationToPostImages: null,
bindNavPrevention: true,
postfix: "",
imageUploader: {
brandingHtml: "Powered by u003ca class="icon-imgur-white" href="https://imgur.com/"u003eu003c/au003e",
contentPolicyHtml: "User contributions licensed under u003ca href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/"u003ecc by-sa 3.0 with attribution requiredu003c/au003e u003ca href="https://stackoverflow.com/legal/content-policy"u003e(content policy)u003c/au003e",
allowUrls: true
},
noCode: true, onDemand: true,
discardSelector: ".discard-answer"
,immediatelyShowMarkdownHelp:true
});
}
});
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fscifi.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f136115%2fwho-was-the-actual-trombonist%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
3 Answers
3
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
If this clip is the clip that you are thinking of:
Then it is undoubtedly Bill Watrous. At the beginning of this clip, you can hear the tail end of Frakes statement, also corroborated here
Frakes likes to talk about trombone playing, something he has done since he marched with the band at Penn State University. He played it on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but was often dubbed by someone else onscreen. "When Riker played badly, it was me, but when he was playing well, it was Bill Watrous," confesses Frakes. "My kid still thinks I'm good, though. He recognizes Star Trek when it's on, that's Daddy's show."
It is definitely overdubbed. It is obvious that Frakes does actually play the trombone, because the technique he uses to hold the instrument is correct. The velocity that he moves the slide is appropriate too. However, the positions he uses are not correct for the pitches that are actually being played. Further, there are several times where the audio has very wide slide vibrato and yet the visual has the slide kept immobile.
While this does not prove who the trombonist is, we can be reasonably assured that it is not Frakes playing trombone. For comparison, here are several clips of him playing trombone:
The tone quality is vastly different than in the clip in question, and while he's actually a decent player, is is different enough that in the case of the latter, it is Frakes playing, and in the former, someone who is a hardened professional doing the playing. If it were another professional it would be more difficult to tell who it was, but Bill has an exceedingly unique style of playing and timbre that is basically impossible to replicate without years and years of dedicated practicing.
For comparison, here are some clips of Bill Watrous, you can compare the above tone quality with several clips above. It should become abundantly clear this is the artist overdubbing that particular scene:
Given the words of Frakes, there are two options: It can be him playing, or it can be Bill Watrous. Because of the tone quality and manner of playing, it must be Watrous.
As an aside, he appears to be playing a King 2B, 2B+, or "Jiggs" 2B trombone, which can be ascertained by some of the design features of the instrument, which include a King style bent lower bell brace and the smaller 7 3/8" bell diameter.
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
add a comment |
If this clip is the clip that you are thinking of:
Then it is undoubtedly Bill Watrous. At the beginning of this clip, you can hear the tail end of Frakes statement, also corroborated here
Frakes likes to talk about trombone playing, something he has done since he marched with the band at Penn State University. He played it on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but was often dubbed by someone else onscreen. "When Riker played badly, it was me, but when he was playing well, it was Bill Watrous," confesses Frakes. "My kid still thinks I'm good, though. He recognizes Star Trek when it's on, that's Daddy's show."
It is definitely overdubbed. It is obvious that Frakes does actually play the trombone, because the technique he uses to hold the instrument is correct. The velocity that he moves the slide is appropriate too. However, the positions he uses are not correct for the pitches that are actually being played. Further, there are several times where the audio has very wide slide vibrato and yet the visual has the slide kept immobile.
While this does not prove who the trombonist is, we can be reasonably assured that it is not Frakes playing trombone. For comparison, here are several clips of him playing trombone:
The tone quality is vastly different than in the clip in question, and while he's actually a decent player, is is different enough that in the case of the latter, it is Frakes playing, and in the former, someone who is a hardened professional doing the playing. If it were another professional it would be more difficult to tell who it was, but Bill has an exceedingly unique style of playing and timbre that is basically impossible to replicate without years and years of dedicated practicing.
For comparison, here are some clips of Bill Watrous, you can compare the above tone quality with several clips above. It should become abundantly clear this is the artist overdubbing that particular scene:
Given the words of Frakes, there are two options: It can be him playing, or it can be Bill Watrous. Because of the tone quality and manner of playing, it must be Watrous.
As an aside, he appears to be playing a King 2B, 2B+, or "Jiggs" 2B trombone, which can be ascertained by some of the design features of the instrument, which include a King style bent lower bell brace and the smaller 7 3/8" bell diameter.
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
add a comment |
If this clip is the clip that you are thinking of:
Then it is undoubtedly Bill Watrous. At the beginning of this clip, you can hear the tail end of Frakes statement, also corroborated here
Frakes likes to talk about trombone playing, something he has done since he marched with the band at Penn State University. He played it on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but was often dubbed by someone else onscreen. "When Riker played badly, it was me, but when he was playing well, it was Bill Watrous," confesses Frakes. "My kid still thinks I'm good, though. He recognizes Star Trek when it's on, that's Daddy's show."
It is definitely overdubbed. It is obvious that Frakes does actually play the trombone, because the technique he uses to hold the instrument is correct. The velocity that he moves the slide is appropriate too. However, the positions he uses are not correct for the pitches that are actually being played. Further, there are several times where the audio has very wide slide vibrato and yet the visual has the slide kept immobile.
While this does not prove who the trombonist is, we can be reasonably assured that it is not Frakes playing trombone. For comparison, here are several clips of him playing trombone:
The tone quality is vastly different than in the clip in question, and while he's actually a decent player, is is different enough that in the case of the latter, it is Frakes playing, and in the former, someone who is a hardened professional doing the playing. If it were another professional it would be more difficult to tell who it was, but Bill has an exceedingly unique style of playing and timbre that is basically impossible to replicate without years and years of dedicated practicing.
For comparison, here are some clips of Bill Watrous, you can compare the above tone quality with several clips above. It should become abundantly clear this is the artist overdubbing that particular scene:
Given the words of Frakes, there are two options: It can be him playing, or it can be Bill Watrous. Because of the tone quality and manner of playing, it must be Watrous.
As an aside, he appears to be playing a King 2B, 2B+, or "Jiggs" 2B trombone, which can be ascertained by some of the design features of the instrument, which include a King style bent lower bell brace and the smaller 7 3/8" bell diameter.
If this clip is the clip that you are thinking of:
Then it is undoubtedly Bill Watrous. At the beginning of this clip, you can hear the tail end of Frakes statement, also corroborated here
Frakes likes to talk about trombone playing, something he has done since he marched with the band at Penn State University. He played it on Star Trek: The Next Generation, but was often dubbed by someone else onscreen. "When Riker played badly, it was me, but when he was playing well, it was Bill Watrous," confesses Frakes. "My kid still thinks I'm good, though. He recognizes Star Trek when it's on, that's Daddy's show."
It is definitely overdubbed. It is obvious that Frakes does actually play the trombone, because the technique he uses to hold the instrument is correct. The velocity that he moves the slide is appropriate too. However, the positions he uses are not correct for the pitches that are actually being played. Further, there are several times where the audio has very wide slide vibrato and yet the visual has the slide kept immobile.
While this does not prove who the trombonist is, we can be reasonably assured that it is not Frakes playing trombone. For comparison, here are several clips of him playing trombone:
The tone quality is vastly different than in the clip in question, and while he's actually a decent player, is is different enough that in the case of the latter, it is Frakes playing, and in the former, someone who is a hardened professional doing the playing. If it were another professional it would be more difficult to tell who it was, but Bill has an exceedingly unique style of playing and timbre that is basically impossible to replicate without years and years of dedicated practicing.
For comparison, here are some clips of Bill Watrous, you can compare the above tone quality with several clips above. It should become abundantly clear this is the artist overdubbing that particular scene:
Given the words of Frakes, there are two options: It can be him playing, or it can be Bill Watrous. Because of the tone quality and manner of playing, it must be Watrous.
As an aside, he appears to be playing a King 2B, 2B+, or "Jiggs" 2B trombone, which can be ascertained by some of the design features of the instrument, which include a King style bent lower bell brace and the smaller 7 3/8" bell diameter.
edited Aug 4 '16 at 15:09
answered Aug 3 '16 at 13:32
mkingsbumkingsbu
44639
44639
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
add a comment |
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
5
5
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
[Monty Python Voice] How do you kneeeeeew so much about trombones?
– kingledion
Aug 3 '16 at 14:38
1
1
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Years of practice, young Padawan. Good catch on the 2B, and if Frakes is into jazz, he at least knows exactly what horn he should be playing (unless he's into Bass Trombone). Nice answer ;-)
– Kevin_Kinsey
Aug 3 '16 at 19:29
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
Just because the scene doesn't match the playing, does not mean it is not Frakes playing. He could just as easily have been the one who performed the piece for the overdubbing. The director could have told him (on camera) to make more exaggerated movements (since most viewers wouldn't know). Or they could have changed the piece between the filming and the dubbing.
– Xavon_Wrentaile
Aug 4 '16 at 1:01
1
1
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
That is true, it doesn't prove that it isn't Frakes. I edited the answer to indicate that doesn't aloen prove it, but provided more evidence that it was Watrous.
– mkingsbu
Aug 4 '16 at 15:10
add a comment |
Quite possibly Jonathan Frakes himself:
Also, from this interview:
I told [Roddenberry] about the trombone and the jazz, and then all of a sudden the character started to have a few of the qualities that I could relate to personally.
So the fact that Riker plays the trombone is because Frakes plays it.
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
add a comment |
Quite possibly Jonathan Frakes himself:
Also, from this interview:
I told [Roddenberry] about the trombone and the jazz, and then all of a sudden the character started to have a few of the qualities that I could relate to personally.
So the fact that Riker plays the trombone is because Frakes plays it.
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
add a comment |
Quite possibly Jonathan Frakes himself:
Also, from this interview:
I told [Roddenberry] about the trombone and the jazz, and then all of a sudden the character started to have a few of the qualities that I could relate to personally.
So the fact that Riker plays the trombone is because Frakes plays it.
Quite possibly Jonathan Frakes himself:
Also, from this interview:
I told [Roddenberry] about the trombone and the jazz, and then all of a sudden the character started to have a few of the qualities that I could relate to personally.
So the fact that Riker plays the trombone is because Frakes plays it.
answered Aug 3 '16 at 6:01
steenberghsteenbergh
3,35741332
3,35741332
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
add a comment |
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
3
3
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
I had to downvote this. While Frakes does play trombone, speculating that he's the one playing in that episode solely on the fact that Frakes plays trombone is a shaky conclusion. Please see the other answer, as Frakes is not the only one who plays trombone in the show.
– Beofett
Aug 3 '16 at 17:21
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
+1 to Beofett. I've updated my answer to include a section about Frake's playing.
– mkingsbu
Aug 3 '16 at 18:38
add a comment |
Has anyone noticed that in TNG S5 E14 "Conundrum" riker starts to play the theme from Battle Star Galactica on trombone? I would assume he didnt get to far because of licensing...
New contributor
add a comment |
Has anyone noticed that in TNG S5 E14 "Conundrum" riker starts to play the theme from Battle Star Galactica on trombone? I would assume he didnt get to far because of licensing...
New contributor
add a comment |
Has anyone noticed that in TNG S5 E14 "Conundrum" riker starts to play the theme from Battle Star Galactica on trombone? I would assume he didnt get to far because of licensing...
New contributor
Has anyone noticed that in TNG S5 E14 "Conundrum" riker starts to play the theme from Battle Star Galactica on trombone? I would assume he didnt get to far because of licensing...
New contributor
New contributor
answered 4 mins ago
Chad RockChad Rock
1
1
New contributor
New contributor
add a comment |
add a comment |
Thanks for contributing an answer to Science Fiction & Fantasy Stack Exchange!
- Please be sure to answer the question. Provide details and share your research!
But avoid …
- Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers.
- Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience.
To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers.
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
StackExchange.ready(
function () {
StackExchange.openid.initPostLogin('.new-post-login', 'https%3a%2f%2fscifi.stackexchange.com%2fquestions%2f136115%2fwho-was-the-actual-trombonist%23new-answer', 'question_page');
}
);
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Sign up or log in
StackExchange.ready(function () {
StackExchange.helpers.onClickDraftSave('#login-link');
});
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Sign up using Google
Sign up using Facebook
Sign up using Email and Password
Post as a guest
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown
Required, but never shown