What is the difference between `command a[bc]d` and `command `a{b,c}d`
.everyoneloves__top-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__mid-leaderboard:empty,.everyoneloves__bot-mid-leaderboard:empty{ margin-bottom:0;
}
What is the difference between command a[bc]d
and command a{b,c}d
? Why do people use a{b,c}d
when there is already a[bc]d
?
brace-expansion pattern-matching
add a comment |
What is the difference between command a[bc]d
and command a{b,c}d
? Why do people use a{b,c}d
when there is already a[bc]d
?
brace-expansion pattern-matching
Who told you to usecommand a[bc]d
?
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
1
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
add a comment |
What is the difference between command a[bc]d
and command a{b,c}d
? Why do people use a{b,c}d
when there is already a[bc]d
?
brace-expansion pattern-matching
What is the difference between command a[bc]d
and command a{b,c}d
? Why do people use a{b,c}d
when there is already a[bc]d
?
brace-expansion pattern-matching
brace-expansion pattern-matching
asked 4 hours ago
Weijun ZhouWeijun Zhou
1,750427
1,750427
Who told you to usecommand a[bc]d
?
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
1
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
add a comment |
Who told you to usecommand a[bc]d
?
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
1
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
Who told you to use
command a[bc]d
?– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
Who told you to use
command a[bc]d
?– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
1
1
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
add a comment |
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
a[bc]d
is a filename pattern. It will expand to abd
and acd
if those are names of existing files in the current directory. If abd
exists, but acd
does not, then it would only expand to abd
, and vice versa. By default, the pattern would remain unexpanded if there was no matching filename.
a{b,c}d
is a brace expansion (in shells that support these). It will expand to the two strings abd
and acd
. This is regardless of whether these strings corresponds to existing filenames or not.
If you are constructing strings, use a brace expansion. If you are matching filenames, use a filename pattern.
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is pattern-matching, and is part of the POSIX standard. In POSIX, this is introduced as the "pattern bracket expression". It is documented in section 2.13 of the manual
When unquoted and outside a bracket expression, the following three
characters shall have special meaning in the specification of
patterns:
?
A question-mark is a pattern that shall match any character.
*
An asterisk is a pattern that shall match multiple characters, as
described in Patterns Matching Multiple Characters.
[
The open bracket shall introduce a pattern bracket expression.
Section 2.13.3 also mentions something that it behaves differently from what one would expect for usual regexs when it is used for filename expansion (emphasis by me)
The rules described so far in Patterns Matching a Single Character and
Patterns Matching Multiple Characters are qualified by the following
rules that apply when pattern matching notation is used for filename
expansion:
The slash character in a pathname shall be explicitly matched by using
one or more slashes in the pattern; it shall neither be matched by the
asterisk or question-mark special characters nor by a bracket
expression. Slashes in the pattern shall be identified before bracket
expressions; thus, a slash cannot be included in a pattern bracket
expression used for filename expansion. If a slash character is found
following an unescaped open square bracket character before a
corresponding closing square bracket is found, the open bracket shall
be treated as an ordinary character. For example, the pattern
"a[b/c]d" does not match such pathnames as abd or a/d. It only matches
a pathname of literally a[b/c]d.
a{b,c}d
is braces expansion, it is not in the specification by POSIX. Here is the corresponding part from the bash manual (emphasis by me):
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to filename expansion (see
Filename Expansion), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
postscript. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
According to the comment by @mosvy, this first appeared from csh
but the behavior in bash
is different from csh
and other shells. This type of braces expansion is also present in glob(3)
.
There is another type of braces expansion {a..z}
that only appeared after bash
3.0, and there are more added in bash
4.0.
In a shell where globbing is turned on, execute in a empty folder, the following result is returned
$ echo a[bc]d
a[bc]d
$ echo a{b,c}d
abd acd
In response to @Jesse_b's comment, if you are in an interactive shell and both of them applies, a[bc]d
is less trouble typing. For example grep pattern [ab][12].txt
.
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared incsh
, long beforebash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that inbash
it's performed before other expansions:a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.
– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
add a comment |
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2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
2 Answers
2
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
active
oldest
votes
a[bc]d
is a filename pattern. It will expand to abd
and acd
if those are names of existing files in the current directory. If abd
exists, but acd
does not, then it would only expand to abd
, and vice versa. By default, the pattern would remain unexpanded if there was no matching filename.
a{b,c}d
is a brace expansion (in shells that support these). It will expand to the two strings abd
and acd
. This is regardless of whether these strings corresponds to existing filenames or not.
If you are constructing strings, use a brace expansion. If you are matching filenames, use a filename pattern.
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is a filename pattern. It will expand to abd
and acd
if those are names of existing files in the current directory. If abd
exists, but acd
does not, then it would only expand to abd
, and vice versa. By default, the pattern would remain unexpanded if there was no matching filename.
a{b,c}d
is a brace expansion (in shells that support these). It will expand to the two strings abd
and acd
. This is regardless of whether these strings corresponds to existing filenames or not.
If you are constructing strings, use a brace expansion. If you are matching filenames, use a filename pattern.
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is a filename pattern. It will expand to abd
and acd
if those are names of existing files in the current directory. If abd
exists, but acd
does not, then it would only expand to abd
, and vice versa. By default, the pattern would remain unexpanded if there was no matching filename.
a{b,c}d
is a brace expansion (in shells that support these). It will expand to the two strings abd
and acd
. This is regardless of whether these strings corresponds to existing filenames or not.
If you are constructing strings, use a brace expansion. If you are matching filenames, use a filename pattern.
a[bc]d
is a filename pattern. It will expand to abd
and acd
if those are names of existing files in the current directory. If abd
exists, but acd
does not, then it would only expand to abd
, and vice versa. By default, the pattern would remain unexpanded if there was no matching filename.
a{b,c}d
is a brace expansion (in shells that support these). It will expand to the two strings abd
and acd
. This is regardless of whether these strings corresponds to existing filenames or not.
If you are constructing strings, use a brace expansion. If you are matching filenames, use a filename pattern.
edited 3 hours ago
answered 3 hours ago
Kusalananda♦Kusalananda
144k18268448
144k18268448
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
add a comment |
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
Thank you for clarifying "If abd exists, but acd does not, then it would only expand to abd". I guess that is what is missing from my answer.
– Weijun Zhou
3 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is pattern-matching, and is part of the POSIX standard. In POSIX, this is introduced as the "pattern bracket expression". It is documented in section 2.13 of the manual
When unquoted and outside a bracket expression, the following three
characters shall have special meaning in the specification of
patterns:
?
A question-mark is a pattern that shall match any character.
*
An asterisk is a pattern that shall match multiple characters, as
described in Patterns Matching Multiple Characters.
[
The open bracket shall introduce a pattern bracket expression.
Section 2.13.3 also mentions something that it behaves differently from what one would expect for usual regexs when it is used for filename expansion (emphasis by me)
The rules described so far in Patterns Matching a Single Character and
Patterns Matching Multiple Characters are qualified by the following
rules that apply when pattern matching notation is used for filename
expansion:
The slash character in a pathname shall be explicitly matched by using
one or more slashes in the pattern; it shall neither be matched by the
asterisk or question-mark special characters nor by a bracket
expression. Slashes in the pattern shall be identified before bracket
expressions; thus, a slash cannot be included in a pattern bracket
expression used for filename expansion. If a slash character is found
following an unescaped open square bracket character before a
corresponding closing square bracket is found, the open bracket shall
be treated as an ordinary character. For example, the pattern
"a[b/c]d" does not match such pathnames as abd or a/d. It only matches
a pathname of literally a[b/c]d.
a{b,c}d
is braces expansion, it is not in the specification by POSIX. Here is the corresponding part from the bash manual (emphasis by me):
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to filename expansion (see
Filename Expansion), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
postscript. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
According to the comment by @mosvy, this first appeared from csh
but the behavior in bash
is different from csh
and other shells. This type of braces expansion is also present in glob(3)
.
There is another type of braces expansion {a..z}
that only appeared after bash
3.0, and there are more added in bash
4.0.
In a shell where globbing is turned on, execute in a empty folder, the following result is returned
$ echo a[bc]d
a[bc]d
$ echo a{b,c}d
abd acd
In response to @Jesse_b's comment, if you are in an interactive shell and both of them applies, a[bc]d
is less trouble typing. For example grep pattern [ab][12].txt
.
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared incsh
, long beforebash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that inbash
it's performed before other expansions:a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.
– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is pattern-matching, and is part of the POSIX standard. In POSIX, this is introduced as the "pattern bracket expression". It is documented in section 2.13 of the manual
When unquoted and outside a bracket expression, the following three
characters shall have special meaning in the specification of
patterns:
?
A question-mark is a pattern that shall match any character.
*
An asterisk is a pattern that shall match multiple characters, as
described in Patterns Matching Multiple Characters.
[
The open bracket shall introduce a pattern bracket expression.
Section 2.13.3 also mentions something that it behaves differently from what one would expect for usual regexs when it is used for filename expansion (emphasis by me)
The rules described so far in Patterns Matching a Single Character and
Patterns Matching Multiple Characters are qualified by the following
rules that apply when pattern matching notation is used for filename
expansion:
The slash character in a pathname shall be explicitly matched by using
one or more slashes in the pattern; it shall neither be matched by the
asterisk or question-mark special characters nor by a bracket
expression. Slashes in the pattern shall be identified before bracket
expressions; thus, a slash cannot be included in a pattern bracket
expression used for filename expansion. If a slash character is found
following an unescaped open square bracket character before a
corresponding closing square bracket is found, the open bracket shall
be treated as an ordinary character. For example, the pattern
"a[b/c]d" does not match such pathnames as abd or a/d. It only matches
a pathname of literally a[b/c]d.
a{b,c}d
is braces expansion, it is not in the specification by POSIX. Here is the corresponding part from the bash manual (emphasis by me):
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to filename expansion (see
Filename Expansion), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
postscript. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
According to the comment by @mosvy, this first appeared from csh
but the behavior in bash
is different from csh
and other shells. This type of braces expansion is also present in glob(3)
.
There is another type of braces expansion {a..z}
that only appeared after bash
3.0, and there are more added in bash
4.0.
In a shell where globbing is turned on, execute in a empty folder, the following result is returned
$ echo a[bc]d
a[bc]d
$ echo a{b,c}d
abd acd
In response to @Jesse_b's comment, if you are in an interactive shell and both of them applies, a[bc]d
is less trouble typing. For example grep pattern [ab][12].txt
.
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared incsh
, long beforebash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that inbash
it's performed before other expansions:a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.
– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
add a comment |
a[bc]d
is pattern-matching, and is part of the POSIX standard. In POSIX, this is introduced as the "pattern bracket expression". It is documented in section 2.13 of the manual
When unquoted and outside a bracket expression, the following three
characters shall have special meaning in the specification of
patterns:
?
A question-mark is a pattern that shall match any character.
*
An asterisk is a pattern that shall match multiple characters, as
described in Patterns Matching Multiple Characters.
[
The open bracket shall introduce a pattern bracket expression.
Section 2.13.3 also mentions something that it behaves differently from what one would expect for usual regexs when it is used for filename expansion (emphasis by me)
The rules described so far in Patterns Matching a Single Character and
Patterns Matching Multiple Characters are qualified by the following
rules that apply when pattern matching notation is used for filename
expansion:
The slash character in a pathname shall be explicitly matched by using
one or more slashes in the pattern; it shall neither be matched by the
asterisk or question-mark special characters nor by a bracket
expression. Slashes in the pattern shall be identified before bracket
expressions; thus, a slash cannot be included in a pattern bracket
expression used for filename expansion. If a slash character is found
following an unescaped open square bracket character before a
corresponding closing square bracket is found, the open bracket shall
be treated as an ordinary character. For example, the pattern
"a[b/c]d" does not match such pathnames as abd or a/d. It only matches
a pathname of literally a[b/c]d.
a{b,c}d
is braces expansion, it is not in the specification by POSIX. Here is the corresponding part from the bash manual (emphasis by me):
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to filename expansion (see
Filename Expansion), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
postscript. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
According to the comment by @mosvy, this first appeared from csh
but the behavior in bash
is different from csh
and other shells. This type of braces expansion is also present in glob(3)
.
There is another type of braces expansion {a..z}
that only appeared after bash
3.0, and there are more added in bash
4.0.
In a shell where globbing is turned on, execute in a empty folder, the following result is returned
$ echo a[bc]d
a[bc]d
$ echo a{b,c}d
abd acd
In response to @Jesse_b's comment, if you are in an interactive shell and both of them applies, a[bc]d
is less trouble typing. For example grep pattern [ab][12].txt
.
a[bc]d
is pattern-matching, and is part of the POSIX standard. In POSIX, this is introduced as the "pattern bracket expression". It is documented in section 2.13 of the manual
When unquoted and outside a bracket expression, the following three
characters shall have special meaning in the specification of
patterns:
?
A question-mark is a pattern that shall match any character.
*
An asterisk is a pattern that shall match multiple characters, as
described in Patterns Matching Multiple Characters.
[
The open bracket shall introduce a pattern bracket expression.
Section 2.13.3 also mentions something that it behaves differently from what one would expect for usual regexs when it is used for filename expansion (emphasis by me)
The rules described so far in Patterns Matching a Single Character and
Patterns Matching Multiple Characters are qualified by the following
rules that apply when pattern matching notation is used for filename
expansion:
The slash character in a pathname shall be explicitly matched by using
one or more slashes in the pattern; it shall neither be matched by the
asterisk or question-mark special characters nor by a bracket
expression. Slashes in the pattern shall be identified before bracket
expressions; thus, a slash cannot be included in a pattern bracket
expression used for filename expansion. If a slash character is found
following an unescaped open square bracket character before a
corresponding closing square bracket is found, the open bracket shall
be treated as an ordinary character. For example, the pattern
"a[b/c]d" does not match such pathnames as abd or a/d. It only matches
a pathname of literally a[b/c]d.
a{b,c}d
is braces expansion, it is not in the specification by POSIX. Here is the corresponding part from the bash manual (emphasis by me):
Brace expansion is a mechanism by which arbitrary strings may be
generated. This mechanism is similar to filename expansion (see
Filename Expansion), but the filenames generated need not exist.
Patterns to be brace expanded take the form of an optional preamble,
followed by either a series of comma-separated strings or a sequence
expression between a pair of braces, followed by an optional
postscript. The preamble is prefixed to each string contained within
the braces, and the postscript is then appended to each resulting
string, expanding left to right.
According to the comment by @mosvy, this first appeared from csh
but the behavior in bash
is different from csh
and other shells. This type of braces expansion is also present in glob(3)
.
There is another type of braces expansion {a..z}
that only appeared after bash
3.0, and there are more added in bash
4.0.
In a shell where globbing is turned on, execute in a empty folder, the following result is returned
$ echo a[bc]d
a[bc]d
$ echo a{b,c}d
abd acd
In response to @Jesse_b's comment, if you are in an interactive shell and both of them applies, a[bc]d
is less trouble typing. For example grep pattern [ab][12].txt
.
edited 2 hours ago
answered 4 hours ago
Weijun ZhouWeijun Zhou
1,750427
1,750427
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared incsh
, long beforebash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that inbash
it's performed before other expansions:a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.
– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
add a comment |
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared incsh
, long beforebash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that inbash
it's performed before other expansions:a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.
– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared in
csh
, long before bash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that in bash
it's performed before other expansions: a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.– mosvy
2 hours ago
The brace expansion is not a "bashism"; it first appeared in
csh
, long before bash
. It's also present in the glob(3) library function. The difference is that in bash
it's performed before other expansions: a=A; ab=A/B; ac=A/C; echo $a{b,c}
will work in bash differently from any other shell.– mosvy
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
Thank you. I will update the answer.
– Weijun Zhou
2 hours ago
add a comment |
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Who told you to use
command a[bc]d
?– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
It certainly has its uses if one understands it correctly.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago
1
I guess I just don't understand how the confusion between the two happened.
– Jesse_b
4 hours ago
I have been explicitly asked by a coworker less familiar with Linux on this, although not recently.
– Weijun Zhou
4 hours ago