Htydjtk

I would like to draw the figure below in LaTeX and am having a bit of a difficulty. How can I do it?

%usepackage[dvips,pdftex]{graphicx}



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}%

usepackage{amsmath}

usepackage{amsfonts}

usepackage{indentfirst}

usepackage{amssymb}

usepackage{graphicx}

usepackage{color}

usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}

usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}

usepackage{float}

usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}

usepackage[brazil]{babel}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage{multicol}

usepackage{cancel}

usepackage[unicode=true,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=true,breaklinks=true,backref=true,linkcolor=black,colorlinks=true]%

{hyperref}%

setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{30}

%TCIDATA{OutputFilter=latex2.dll}

%TCIDATA{Version=5.50.0.2953}

%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thursday, March 14, 2019 23:50:47}

%TCIDATA{<META NAME="GraphicsSave" CONTENT="32">}

%TCIDATA{<META NAME="SaveForMode" CONTENT="1">}

%TCIDATA{BibliographyScheme=Manual}

%BeginMSIPreambleData

providecommand{U}[1]{protectrule{.1in}{.1in}}

%EndMSIPreambleData

setlength{topmargin}{-1.5cm} setlength{oddsidemargin}{0.0cm}

setlength{evensidemargin}{0.0cm} setlength{textheight}{24cm}

setlength{textwidth}{16.5cm}

renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.25}

begin{document}

begin{titlepage}

[]

begin{center}

%tiny,small,large,Large,LARGE, huge,Huge,HUGE

{ Large sc Universidade Federal do Maranhão}

vskip 0.5cm

{ Large sc Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia}

vskip 0.5cm {Large sc Matheus Rodrigues Linhares Guimarães}

vskip 3 cm {LARGE sc textbf{VARIÁVEIS COMPLEXAS}}

begin{figure}[H]

    centering

    [

    includegraphics[width=100mm]{./Figuras/capa5.png}

    ]

end{figure}



vskip 2cm

vfill

{sc 2019.1}

end{center}

end{titlepage}%





end{document}

Note: The codes are arranged in "quality-increasing" order in my opinion, i.e. the best one is the last one.

Like this?

documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles}

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}

draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};

draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);

coordinate (a) at (80:3);

coordinate (b) at (3,0);

coordinate (m) at (25:2);

coordinate (n) at (-95:2);

coordinate (p) at (145:2);

coordinate (o) at (0,0);

fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);

draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{itheta}$};

draw (b) node[below] {$|z|$};

draw (2,0) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}$};

draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{itheta/3}$};

draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+4pi)/3}$};

draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+2pi)/3}$};

draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};

draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};

draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);

draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;

pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

Improved version:

documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]

draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};

draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);

coordinate (a) at (80:3);

coordinate (b) at (3,0);

coordinate (m) at (25:2);

coordinate (n) at (-95:2);

coordinate (p) at (145:2);

coordinate (o) at (0,0);

draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{itheta}$};

draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};

draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};

draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{itheta/3}$};

draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+4pi)/3}$};

draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+2pi)/3}$};

draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};

draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};

draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);

draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;

end{scope}

pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};

fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

Thanks to @marmot, I think this figure is (somewhat) more mathematically true ;-)

documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]

draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};

draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);

coordinate (a) at (80:3);

coordinate (b) at (3,0);

coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);

coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);

coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);

coordinate (o) at (0,0);

draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{itheta}$};

draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};

draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};

draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{itheta/3}$};

draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+4pi)/3}$};

draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+2pi)/3}$};

draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};

draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};

draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);

draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;

end{scope}

pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};

fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

Another choice: Im instead of Im and Re instead of Re (@Sebastiano's request):

documentclass[tikz]{standalone}

usetikzlibrary{quotes,angles,positioning}

begin{document}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]

draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};

draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);

coordinate (a) at (80:3);

coordinate (b) at (3,0);

coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);

coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);

coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);

coordinate (o) at (0,0);

draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{itheta}$};

draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};

draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};

draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{itheta/3}$};

draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+4pi)/3}$};

draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+2pi)/3}$};

draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};

draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};

draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);

draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;

end{scope}

pic[draw,dashed,thick,"$theta$",angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};

fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);

end{tikzpicture}

end{document}

Your code is not compilable because of a conflict (?) between babel and quotes (I don't know if it is true).

We can fix it by not using quotes anymore:

%usepackage[dvips,pdftex]{graphicx}



documentclass[a4paper,12pt]{article}%

usepackage{amsmath}

usepackage{amsfonts}

usepackage{indentfirst}

usepackage{amssymb}

usepackage{graphicx}

usepackage{color}

usepackage[dvips]{epsfig}

usepackage[dvips]{graphicx}

usepackage{float}

usepackage[latin1]{inputenc}

usepackage[brazil]{babel}

usepackage{tikz}

usepackage{multicol}

usepackage{cancel}

usepackage[unicode=true,bookmarks=true,bookmarksnumbered=true,bookmarksopen=true,breaklinks=true,backref=true,linkcolor=black,colorlinks=true]%

{hyperref}%

setcounter{MaxMatrixCols}{30}

%TCIDATA{OutputFilter=latex2.dll}

%TCIDATA{Version=5.50.0.2953}

%TCIDATA{LastRevised=Thursday, March 14, 2019 23:50:47}

%TCIDATA{<META NAME="GraphicsSave" CONTENT="32">}

%TCIDATA{<META NAME="SaveForMode" CONTENT="1">}

%TCIDATA{BibliographyScheme=Manual}

%BeginMSIPreambleData

providecommand{U}[1]{protectrule{.1in}{.1in}}

%EndMSIPreambleData

setlength{topmargin}{-1.5cm} setlength{oddsidemargin}{0.0cm}

setlength{evensidemargin}{0.0cm} setlength{textheight}{24cm}

setlength{textwidth}{16.5cm}

renewcommand{baselinestretch}{1.25}

usetikzlibrary{angles,positioning}

begin{document}

begin{titlepage}

vspace{1cm}

begin{center}

%tiny,small,large,Large,LARGE, huge,Huge,HUGE

{ Large sc Universidade Federal do Maranhão}

vskip 0.5cm

{ Large sc Centro de Ciências Exatas e Tecnologia}

vskip 0.5cm {Large sc Matheus Rodrigues Linhares Guimarães}

vskip 3 cm {LARGE sc textbf{VARIAVEIS COMPLEXAS}}



begin{center}

begin{tikzpicture}

begin{scope}[every node/.style={fill=white,inner sep=2pt}]

draw (0,-4)--(0,4) node[above] {$Im$} (-4,0)--(4,0) node[right] {$Re$};

draw[dashed] (0,0) circle (3) circle (2);

coordinate (a) at (80:3);

coordinate (b) at (3,0);

coordinate (m) at (80/3:2);

coordinate (n) at ({80/3-120}:2);

coordinate (p) at ({80/3+120}:2);

coordinate (o) at (0,0);

draw (a) node[above right] {$z=|z|e^{itheta}$};

draw (b) node[below right] {$|z|$};

draw (2,0) node[below left=0cm and -2em] {$|z|^{1/3}$};

draw (m) node[right] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{itheta/3}$};

draw (n) node[below] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+4pi)/3}$};

draw (p) node[above] {$|z|^{1/3}e^{i(theta+2pi)/3}$};

draw (.1,1.5)--(0,1.5) node[left] {$i$};

draw (1.5,.1)--(1.5,0) node[below] {$1$};

draw (0,0)--(a) (0,0)--(m) (0,0)--(n) (0,0)--(p);

draw[dashed] (m)--(n)--(p)--cycle;

end{scope}

pic[draw,dashed,thick,angle radius=0.8cm,angle eccentricity=1.3] {angle=b--o--a};

draw (45:0.8) node[above right] {$theta$};

fill[black] (a) circle (2pt) (b) circle (2pt) (m) circle (2pt) (n) circle (2pt) (p) circle (2pt) (2,0) circle (2pt);

end{tikzpicture}

end{center}



vskip 2cm

vfill

{sc 2019.1}

end{center}

end{titlepage}%





end{document}