Htydjtk

Israël

Res apud Vicidata repertae:

Continens: Asia
Territoria finitima: Syria, Iordania, Aegyptus, Libanus
Caput: Hierosolyma
Nomen officiale: מדינת ישראל

Gubernium

Res publica parlamentaria
Princeps: Reuven Rivlin
Praefectus: Beniaminus Netanjahu
Consilium: Knesset
Iudicium: Supreme Court of Israel
Situs interretialis

Populus

Numerus: 8 891 800
Sermo publicus: Lingua Hebraica
Zona horaria: Israel time zone, Israel Summer Time
Moneta: Israeli new shekel

Commemoratio

Hymnus nationalis: התקוה

Sigla

ISO IL, ISR, 376; IOC ISR
Dominium interretiale: .il
Praefixum telephonicum: +972
Siglum autoraedarum: IL

Civitas Israël^[1] (Hebraice מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל Medīnat Yisrā'el ; Arabice دَوْلَة إِسْرَائِيل Dawlat Isrāʼīl), breviter Israël,^[2] est respublica parlamentaria in Medio Oriente sub Maris Mediterranei litore sita, diversarum intra parvam suam aream geographicarum proprietatum. A septentrionibus Libanum et Syriam attingit, ab oriente Iordaniam et Ripam Occidentalem, a meridie Aegyptum et Sectorem Gazensem. est.^[3][4] Suis legibus definitus "Civitas Iudaica et Democratica", Israël est sola in orbe terrarum civitas ubi Iudaei aliis gentibus praevalent.^[5]

Linguae |

Incolae et Hebraica et Arabica pro linguis publicis utuntur. Praeterea non pauci inter sese Russice, nonnulli etiam Iudaeogermanica lingua loquuntur.

Religiones |

• Ex Iudaeis consistit 76%;


• Ex Musulmanis 18%;


• Ex Christianis 2%.

Mythus |

Iudaei eam terram, quam nunc Israel appellant, sibi ab deo suo datam esse (Liber Iosue 1, 1-5) arbitrantur. Est enim in bibliis:

Et factum est, ut post mortem Moysi servi Domini loqueretur Dominus ad Iosue filium Nun ministrum Moysi et diceret ei:

"Moyses servus meus mortuus est; nunc igitur surge et transi Iordanem istum, tu et omnis populus iste, in terram, quam ego dabo filiis Israël.
Omnem locum, quem calcaverit vestigium pedis vestri, vobis tradidi, sicut locutus sum Moysi.

A deserto et Libano isto usque ad fluvium magnum Euphraten, omnis terra Hetthaeorum usque ad mare Magnum contra solis occasum erit terminus vester."

Historia |

Antiquitus |

Stella David, signum Iudaismi post Medium Aevum.

Theodorus Herzl, Sionismi fautor maximus (anno 1901).

Divisio Palaestinae a CN 1947 proposita

586 anno a.C.n. cum Nabuchodonosor II rex Babylonis, terram Iudaeam expugnavisset et Templum Salomonicum evertisset, Babylonii septuaginta annos in eam terram regnaverunt, sed cum 533 anno a.C.n. Cyrus II cum exercitu superavisset, Persae ab anno 533 a.C.n. ad 332 a.C.n. regnaverunt. 332 anno Alexander Magnus superavit.

Duobus bellis cum Romanis (anno 70 et 135) gestis et praecipue templo Hierosolymorum ab imperatore Tito (anno 70) diruto, magna pars Iudaeorum ex Israël fugit. Anno 135, post secundum excidium, Romani Hierosolyma restituerunt novoque nomine appellaverunt Aeliam Capitolinam.

Recentioribus temporibus |

Iam anno 1917, Arthurus Balfour Scoticus suasit, ut Iudaei in Palaestinam redirent et quamprimum priori bello mundano fini imposito Imperium Ottomanicum, quod antea Palaestinam tenuerat, ruissent.

Post secundum bellum mundanum et Iudaeorum in Europa persecutionem, 1947 anno 29 die Novembris, Consociatio Nationum Palaestinam proposuerunt inter Iudaeos et Arabes distribuendam.

14 die Maii 1948, civitas Israël condita est. Quamquam iuxta resolutionem, qua civitas creata erat, urbs Hierosolyma nec ab Iudeis nec Arabis, sed Britanniarum Regno regenda esset, tamen 1950 anno, Israël caput suum Hierosolyma declaravit. Principio civitati superficies 14 000 km² erat. 1948 et 1967 vero annis, ager 8000 km² ulterius expugnatus est et usquedum retinetur. Quam enim terram colonis adductis Israël sibi vindicare molitur.

1967 anno Israël Bello Sex Dierum ripam occidentalem Iordanis occupans intra Palaestinorum fines colonias condidit. Quo ex bello contentio Arabo-Israëlitica, scilicet dissensio inter Israël, Palaestinenses, Arabes, orta est.

1973 anno, expiationis die, quae Iudaeis sanctissima est, et Aegyptus et Syria Israële oppugnato, a terra propulsati sunt. Qua victoria Aegyptus coacta est, ut Israëlem civitatem iure agnoscerent.

Urbes principales |

• 
  Hierosolyma (sive Ierusalem)


• 
  Tel Avivum (sive Vernicollis; confer Acervus novarum frugum)
  
  
  
  • Ioppa
  
  
  • Ramatgan
  
  
  • Rison Lezion
  
  
  
  


• 
  Nazareth
  
  
  
  • 
    Sephath^[6]
    
  
  
  • 
    Accho (sive Ace, Ptolemais Phoeniciae)
  
  
  • Tiberias
  
  
  
  


• 
  Hepha (sive Sycaminus)
  
  • Hadera
  
  


• 
  Petah Tiqwa
  
  
  
  • Ramla
  
  
  • 
    Lydia (sive Lod)
  
  
  
  


• 
  Berosaba (sive Bersabee)
  
  
  
  • Ascalo
  
  
  • Rooboth
  
  
  
  

Nexus interni

• 
  Hatikvah hymnus nationalis
  


• Index urbium Israëliticarum


• 
  Netafim negotium rusticum


• 
  Ohalo II situs archaeologicus


• Paradoxum Israeliticum


• Territorialismus Iudaeus

Notae |

Bibliographia |

• Abadi, Jacob (2004), Israël's Quest for Recognition and Acceptance in Asia: Garrison State Diplomacy, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-5576-7 


• Ausubel, Natan (1964), The Book of Jewish Knowledge, Novi Eboraci: Crown Publishers, ISBN 0-517-09746-X 


• Barton, John; Bowden, Julie (2004), The Original Story: God, Israël and the World, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0-8028-2900-7 


• Barzilai, Gad (1996), Wars, Internal Conflicts, and Political Order: A Jewish Democracy in the Middle East, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-2943-1 


• Barzilai, Gad (2010), The Attorney General and the State Prosecutor-Is Institutional Separation Warrented?, The Israël Democracy Institute 


• Ben-Sasson, Hayim (1985), A History of the Jewish People, Harvard University Press, ISBN 978-0-674-39731-6 


• Best, Anthony (2003), International History of the Twentieth Century, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-20739-8 


• Bregman, Ahron (2002), A History of Israël, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0-333-67631-9 


• Broughton, Simon; Ellingham, Mark; Trillo, Richard (1999), World Music: The Rough Guide, Rough Guides, ISBN 1-85828-635-2 


• Cole, Tim (2003), Holocaust City: The Making of a Jewish Ghetto, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-92968-7 


• Crowdy, Terry (2006), The Enemy Within: A History of Espionage, Osprey Publishing, ISBN 1-84176-933-9 


• Dekmejian, R. Hrair (1975), Patterns of Political Leadership: Egypt, Israël, Lebanon, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-87395-291-X 


• Friedland, Roger; Hecht, Richard (2000), To Rule Jerusalem, University of California Press, ISBN 0-520-22092-7 


• Gelvin, James L. (2005), The Israël-Palestine Conflict: One Hundred Years of War, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-85289-7 


• Gilbert, Martin (2005), The Routledge Atlas Of The Arab–Israël conflict (8th ed.), Routledge, ISBN 0-415-35900-7 


• Goldreich, Yair (2003), The Climate of Israël: Observation, Research and Application, Springer, ISBN 0-306-47445-X 


• Hamilton, Victor P. (1995), The Book of Genesis (2a retractata ed.), Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company, ISBN 0-8028-2309-2 


• Harkavy, Robert E.; Neuman, Stephanie G. (2001), Warfare and the Third World, Palgrave Macmillan, ISBN 0-312-24012-0 


• Henderson, Robert D'A. (2003), Brassey's International Intelligence Yearbook (2003 ed.), Brassey's Inc., ISBN 1-57488-550-2 


• Herzl, Theodor (1946), The Jewish State, American Zionist Emergency Council, ISBN 0-486-25849-1 


• Howe, Kathleen Stewart (1997), Revealing the Holy Land: the photographic exploration of Palestine, University of California Press, p. 144, ISBN 978-0-89951-095-8 


• Jacobs, Daniel (1988), Israël and the Palestinian Territories: The Rough Guide (2a retractata ed.), Rough Guides, ISBN 1-85828-248-9 


• Kellerman, Aharon (1993), Society and Settlement: Jewish Land of Israël in the Twentieth Century, State University of New York Press, ISBN 0-7914-1295-4 


• Kornberg, Jacques (1993), Theodor Herzl: From Assimilation to Zionism, Indiana University Press, ISBN 0-253-33203-6 


• Liebreich, Fritz (2005), Britain's Naval and Political Reaction to the Illegal Immigration of Jews to Palestine, 1945–1948, Routledge, ISBN 0-7146-5637-2 


• Lustick, Ian (1988), For the Land and the Lord: Jewish Fundamentalism in Israël, Council on Foreign Relations Press, ISBN 0-87609-036-6 


• Mazie, Steven (2006), Israel's Higher Law: Religion and Liberal Democracy in the Jewish State, Lexington Books, ISBN 0-7391-1485-9 


• Morçöl, Göktuğ (2006), Handbook of Decision Making, CRC Press, ISBN 1-57444-548-0 


• Mowlana, Hamid; Gerbner, George; Schiller, Herbert I. (1992), Triumph of the File: The Media's War in the Persian Gulf — A Global Perspective, Westview Press, ISBN 0-8133-1610-3 


• Roberts, Adam (1990), "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israëli-Occupied Territories Since 1967", The American Journal of International Law (American Society of International Law) 84 (1): 44–103 


• Romano, Amy (2003), A Historical Atlas of Israel, The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 0-8239-3978-2 


• Reveron, Derek S.; Murer, Jeffrey Stevenson (2006), Flashpoints in the War on Terrorism, Routledge, ISBN 0-415-95490-8 


• Rosenzweig, Rafael (1997), The Economic Consequences of Zionism, T Brill Academic Publishers, ISBN 90-04-09147-5 


• Rummel, Rudolph J. (1997), Power Kills: Democracy As a Method of Nonviolence, Transaction Publishers, ISBN 0-7658-0523-5 


• Sampter, Jessie (2007) [1933], "Jewish Colonization Before 1917", in Sampter, Jessie, Modern Palestine – A Symposium, READ BOOKS, p. 444, ISBN 978-1-4067-3834-6 


• Scharfstein, Sol (1996), Understanding Jewish History, KTAV Publishing House, ISBN 0-88125-545-9 


• Shindler, Colin (2002), The Land Beyond Promise: Israël, Likud and the Zionist Dream, I.B.Tauris Publishers, ISBN 1-86064-774-X 


• Skolnik, Fred (2007), Encyclopedia Judaica, 9 (2a ed.), Macmillian, ISBN 0-02-865928-7 


• Smith, Derek (2006), Deterring America: Rogue States and the Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-86465-8 


• Stein, Leslie (2003), The Hope Fulfilled: The Rise of Modern Israël, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-275-97141-4 


• Stendel, Ori (1997), The Arabs in Israel, Sussex Academic Press, ISBN 1-898723-23-0 


• Stone, Russell A.; Zenner, Walter P. (1994), Critical Essays on Israëli Social Issues and Scholarship, SUNY Press, ISBN 0-7914-1959-2 


• Torstrick, Rebecca L. (2004), Culture and Customs of Israël, Greenwood Press, ISBN 0-313-32091-8 


• Wenham, Gordon J. (1994), Word Biblical Commentary, 2, (Genesis 16–50), Dallasiae Texiae: Word Books, ISBN 0-8499-0201-0 

Nexus externi |

• 
  Porta Administrationis Israëlicae (cum nexibus ad commentarios Arabicum et Hebraicum)

Israël : politica

Praesides Israëlis

Chaim Weizmann • Isaac Ben Tzwi • Zalman Shazar • Ephraim Katzir • Isaac Navon • Chaim Herzog • Ezer Weizman • Moyses Katzaw • Simon Peres • Reuben Rivlin חיים ויצמן • יצחק בן-צבי • זלמן שזר • אפרים קציר • יצחק נבון • חיים הרצוג • עזר ויצמן • משה קצב • שמעון פרס • ראובן ריבלין Opus geopoliticum • Duces civitatum Asiaticarum hodiernarum Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Israëlis

Primi ministri Israëlis

David Ben-Gurion • Moyses Scharet • David Ben-Gurion • Levi Eschkol • Golda Meir • Isaac Rabin • Menachem Begin • Isaac Shamir • Simon Peres • Isaac Shamir • Isaac Rabin • Simon Peres • Beniaminus Netanjahu • Ehud Barak • Ariel Sharon • Ehud Olmert • Beniaminus Netanjahu דוד בן-גוריון • משה שרת • דוד בן-גוריון • לוי אשכול • גולדה מאיר • יצחק רבין • מנחם בגין • יצחק שמיר • שמעון פרס • יצחק שמיר • יצחק רבין • שמעון פרס • בנימין נתניהו • אהוד ברק • אריאל שרון • אהוד אולמרט • בנימין נתניהו Opus geopoliticum • Gubernatores civitatum Asiaticarum hodiernarum Capsae cognatae: Praesides Israëlis • Ministri rerum externarum • Ministri eruditionis

Ministri rerum externarum Israëlis

Moyses Sharett 1948 • Golda Meir 1956 • Abba Eban 1966 • Yigal Allon 1974 • Moyses Dayan 1977 • Isaac Shamir 1980 • Simon Peres 1986 • Moyses Arens 1988 • David Levy 1990 • Simon Peres 1992 • Ehud Barak 1995 • David Levy 1996 • Ariel Sharon 1998 • David Levy 1999 • Salomon Ben-Ami 2000 • Simon Peres 2001 • Beniaminus Netanjahu 2002 • Silvan Shalom 2003 • Tzipi Livni 2006 • Avigdor Lieberman 2009 • Beniaminus Netanjahu 2012 • Avigdor Lieberman 2013 • Beniaminus Netanjahu 2015 משה שרת • גולדה מאיר • אבא אבן • יגאל אלון • משה דיין • יצחק שמיר • שמעון פרס • משה ארנס • דוד לוי • שמעון פרס • אהוד ברק • דוד לוי • אריאל שרון • דוד לוי • שלמה בן עמי • שמעון פרס • בנימין נתניהו • סילבן שלום • ציפי לבני • אביגדור ליברמן • בנימין נתניהו • אביגדור ליברמן • בנימין נתניהו Opus geopoliticum • Ministri a rebus externis civitatum Asiaticarum hodiernarum Capsae cognatae: Primi ministri Israëlis

Israël : geographica

Provinciae Israëlis

Hepha • Hierosolyma • Iudaea et Samaria • Medium • Meridies • Septentrio • Telavivum Opus geopoliticum