Why is the electrolytic capacitor not polarity sensitive?












1












$begingroup$


The issue



I was making a project in which I had to use a 2.2uF electrolytic capacitor in series with a microphone and weirdly, the circuit works even if I toggle the polarity of the capacitor, that is the capacitor can be inserted in either polarity to make the circuit work.

Why does this happen? What are the criteria for doing so intentionally? Additionally, if I am to substitute a ceramic capacitor with an electrolytic capacitor, in what polarity should the capacitor be inserted?



Schematic:



Bluetooth Audio Adapter




This schematic is based on the manufacturer's schematic, in which also, a ceramic capacitor of 2.2uF is used.




This question is referring to the MIC portion of the schematic only.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    yesterday








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
    $endgroup$
    – Sparky256
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    22 hours ago
















1












$begingroup$


The issue



I was making a project in which I had to use a 2.2uF electrolytic capacitor in series with a microphone and weirdly, the circuit works even if I toggle the polarity of the capacitor, that is the capacitor can be inserted in either polarity to make the circuit work.

Why does this happen? What are the criteria for doing so intentionally? Additionally, if I am to substitute a ceramic capacitor with an electrolytic capacitor, in what polarity should the capacitor be inserted?



Schematic:



Bluetooth Audio Adapter




This schematic is based on the manufacturer's schematic, in which also, a ceramic capacitor of 2.2uF is used.




This question is referring to the MIC portion of the schematic only.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    yesterday








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
    $endgroup$
    – Sparky256
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    22 hours ago














1












1








1





$begingroup$


The issue



I was making a project in which I had to use a 2.2uF electrolytic capacitor in series with a microphone and weirdly, the circuit works even if I toggle the polarity of the capacitor, that is the capacitor can be inserted in either polarity to make the circuit work.

Why does this happen? What are the criteria for doing so intentionally? Additionally, if I am to substitute a ceramic capacitor with an electrolytic capacitor, in what polarity should the capacitor be inserted?



Schematic:



Bluetooth Audio Adapter




This schematic is based on the manufacturer's schematic, in which also, a ceramic capacitor of 2.2uF is used.




This question is referring to the MIC portion of the schematic only.










share|improve this question











$endgroup$




The issue



I was making a project in which I had to use a 2.2uF electrolytic capacitor in series with a microphone and weirdly, the circuit works even if I toggle the polarity of the capacitor, that is the capacitor can be inserted in either polarity to make the circuit work.

Why does this happen? What are the criteria for doing so intentionally? Additionally, if I am to substitute a ceramic capacitor with an electrolytic capacitor, in what polarity should the capacitor be inserted?



Schematic:



Bluetooth Audio Adapter




This schematic is based on the manufacturer's schematic, in which also, a ceramic capacitor of 2.2uF is used.




This question is referring to the MIC portion of the schematic only.







microphone electrolytic-capacitor polarity






share|improve this question















share|improve this question













share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 21 hours ago







Utkarsh Verma

















asked yesterday









Utkarsh VermaUtkarsh Verma

338




338








  • 2




    $begingroup$
    What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    yesterday








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
    $endgroup$
    – Sparky256
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    22 hours ago














  • 2




    $begingroup$
    What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    yesterday








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
    $endgroup$
    – Sparky256
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    22 hours ago








2




2




$begingroup$
What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
$endgroup$
– Toor
yesterday






$begingroup$
What was the original capacitor type? Also, there is no DC bias in that part of the circuit.
$endgroup$
– Toor
yesterday






1




1




$begingroup$
That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
$endgroup$
– Sparky256
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
That is likely a ceramic capacitor. Unless noted otherwise you can assume all aluminum and tantalum capacitors ARE polarized. If you install them backwards across power supply rails (or they have an internal short, much less common in recent decades) they tend to go BANG with some violence, possibly charring the PCB. A ceramic capacitor is not polarized unless it has a black band or polarity mark at one end.
$endgroup$
– Sparky256
23 hours ago












$begingroup$
At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
$endgroup$
– Ale..chenski
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
At millivolt level and and a small reverse bias a polarized capacitor doesn't care, at least for a short time. Over time it might die much earlier than you expect. Don't try it again.
$endgroup$
– Ale..chenski
23 hours ago












$begingroup$
@Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
@Toor What do you mean by the original capacitor type?
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
$endgroup$
– Toor
22 hours ago




$begingroup$
You only mention the capacitor that you first used was 2.2uF and that it worked in both polarities. However, you never mentioned what type of capacitor it actually was. 2.2uF makes it likely that it was a bipolar type and if it was, of course it would have worked in both directions.
$endgroup$
– Toor
22 hours ago










1 Answer
1






active

oldest

votes


















7












$begingroup$

An aluminum electrolytic will handle a reverse polarity of about 1 volt or so. The cap probably never sees anything near that.



This appnote from Nichicon shows that under 1V the capacitors don't have much of leakage and seems fully functional, see Fig.2-2, with little degradation (see Fig.2-3).






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
    $endgroup$
    – Sunnyskyguy EE75
    20 hours ago











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1 Answer
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1 Answer
1






active

oldest

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active

oldest

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active

oldest

votes









7












$begingroup$

An aluminum electrolytic will handle a reverse polarity of about 1 volt or so. The cap probably never sees anything near that.



This appnote from Nichicon shows that under 1V the capacitors don't have much of leakage and seems fully functional, see Fig.2-2, with little degradation (see Fig.2-3).






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
    $endgroup$
    – Sunnyskyguy EE75
    20 hours ago
















7












$begingroup$

An aluminum electrolytic will handle a reverse polarity of about 1 volt or so. The cap probably never sees anything near that.



This appnote from Nichicon shows that under 1V the capacitors don't have much of leakage and seems fully functional, see Fig.2-2, with little degradation (see Fig.2-3).






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$













  • $begingroup$
    Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
    $endgroup$
    – Sunnyskyguy EE75
    20 hours ago














7












7








7





$begingroup$

An aluminum electrolytic will handle a reverse polarity of about 1 volt or so. The cap probably never sees anything near that.



This appnote from Nichicon shows that under 1V the capacitors don't have much of leakage and seems fully functional, see Fig.2-2, with little degradation (see Fig.2-3).






share|improve this answer











$endgroup$



An aluminum electrolytic will handle a reverse polarity of about 1 volt or so. The cap probably never sees anything near that.



This appnote from Nichicon shows that under 1V the capacitors don't have much of leakage and seems fully functional, see Fig.2-2, with little degradation (see Fig.2-3).







share|improve this answer














share|improve this answer



share|improve this answer








edited 23 hours ago









Ale..chenski

28k11866




28k11866










answered 23 hours ago









Robert EndlRobert Endl

1,757511




1,757511












  • $begingroup$
    Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
    $endgroup$
    – Sunnyskyguy EE75
    20 hours ago


















  • $begingroup$
    Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago






  • 1




    $begingroup$
    @UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
    $endgroup$
    – Ale..chenski
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
    $endgroup$
    – Utkarsh Verma
    23 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
    $endgroup$
    – Sunnyskyguy EE75
    20 hours ago
















$begingroup$
Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
Would you suggest its use in a circuit meant to be used for long terms?
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago




1




1




$begingroup$
@UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
$endgroup$
– Ale..chenski
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
@UtkarshVerma, please read the Nichicon article and make your own determination. The article mentions " progressing formation of an oxide layer on the cathode electrode", so the cap might not last longer than 200-300 hours.
$endgroup$
– Ale..chenski
23 hours ago












$begingroup$
@Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago




$begingroup$
@Ale..chenski Thanks for the document. I'll read it and post what I'll conclude over here.
$endgroup$
– Utkarsh Verma
23 hours ago












$begingroup$
It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
$endgroup$
– Sunnyskyguy EE75
20 hours ago




$begingroup$
It depends on the voltage rating. At one time we safely used -10%
$endgroup$
– Sunnyskyguy EE75
20 hours ago


















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